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In addition to the picturesque coasts, Italy is also known for its islands. From the crystal clear waters of the Tremiti Islands to the rocky cliffs of Capri, there are many Italian islands to visit. They offer a wide range of special landscapes and vistas, with unique histories and cultures to be discovered.
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Islands
Filicudi - Isole Eolie, Sicilia

Alicudi Island

Alicudi and Filicudi: slow tourism in the wildest of the Aeolian Islands Alicudi and Filicudi offer the chance to lose yourself somewhere new, go off the beaten track, switch off and recharge – the wildest and most authentic islands of the Aeolian archipelago in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea, electricity only arrived here 20 years ago. Sharing proximity with each other and elective affinities, these remote islands, are the perfect destination for slow and sustainable tourism, for holidays that allow you to detox as you indulge in pristine nature. Being in tune with nature is so important for the locals that you can only arrive and depart when sea and wind conditions allow. So set aside your planner and get used to sniffing the air and using the sun as a clock and compass, because the weather here has its own rules. The only device you need to carry is a small torch, even an LED one, which you’ll find very useful after sunset, because there is no street lighting on these islands. Alicudi, no taxis but plenty of donkeys Formerly called Ericusa (named after the presence on the island of heather, which you will see everywhere as soon as you step foot on the land), it is the smallest, westernmost and most remote of the Aeolian archipelago. There are no tarmacked roads or cars here, the only means of transport are donkeys, the scecchi, as the locals call them; otherwise, people generally walk, on volcanic stone stairs and alleyways, paths and mule tracks. Be sure to pack comfortable shoes and no heels! In Filicudi, you will see no sight of ATMs or banks, nightclubs or discos, just a small post office, a hotel and one cosy little restaurant, which closes in mid-September. All nestled in a village with five hamlets, dotted around the port. All around is blissful silence, or rather, the great symphony of nature. The sea: a treasure to discover Alicudi's coastline is high and rugged, often interrupted by volcanic coves and caves. There are two beaches, but only one, a pebble beach, is accessible by land. Here, you will have to take on the sea, climbing like crabs over rocks and coves, or we recommend renting a boat or setting sail on one of the tours around the island. Or if you like snorkelling and diving, the rocks, reefs and seabed, home to dozens of species of fish, are an enchanting setting. The best way to explore Alicudi’s rugged, wild soul is to hike to the centre of the island, to its highest point, Filo dell'Arpa, home to an extinct volcanic crater, at an altitude of 675 metres. This itinerary takes a couple of hours, along a series of rather steep stone stairs, past the church of San Bartolo. Just before you reach the summit, you will come across the so-called Timpone delle femmine, a fortification of natural caves, where the women of the island apparently once sought shelter during pirate raids. Filicudi and the 7 extinct volcanoes Filicudi, which has a slightly larger surface area than Alicudi, about 9.5 square kilometres, is the archipelago's geologically oldest island. It hosts no fewer than seven volcanoes that have been extinct for years and owes its name to what the ancient Greeks called phoinicussa, the dwarf palm, still prevalent on the island's headlands. Its almost 200 inhabitants live in the southern part, in several hamlets connected by a paved road. In Filicudi, only residents are allowed to travel by car, but you can easily explore the island on foot or by scooter. An ancient history, guarded from the depths Once in Filicudi, you will feel the irresistible call of the sea, the main attraction of the island, which has three beaches: in addition to those at the port and Capo Graziano, the most beautiful is the black pebble beach of Pecorini A Mare, a picturesque village on the southern side of the island, where you can relax among the colourful boats and low-lying fishermen's houses. Just above the beach of Cape Graziano – a beach scattered with grey volcanic pebbles, perhaps the easiest spot to take a dip in the sea – you should definitely visit the prehistoric village, which stands in one of the most scenic spots on the island and is home to what remains of 27 huts dating back to the Bronze Age. If you are experienced in diving, with at least a level 2 diving licence and accompanied by an authorised diving instructor, then your visit can continue below the sea level: the seabed at Capo Graziano cradles the most beautiful underwater archaeological site in the Aeolian Islands, where you can discover the wrecks of nine Greek and Roman ships. Exploring the coast, amid the secrets and magic of the sea The best way to experience the sea at Filicudi is by boat: it is the only way to explore secret coves and caves. Among the most spectacular is the Grotta del Bue Marino, the largest cave in the Aeolian Islands, once home to a thriving colony of monk seals, now a magical place of reflections and surprising plays of light. Continuing along the same stretch of sea, you will come across the Scoglio della Fortuna (Rock of Fortune)—with its concave shape that encompasses a natural pool of crystal-clear water—and the La Canna rock, a giant, 70-metre-high sea stack vaguely resembling the figure of the Madonna and child. Many consider this the guardian of Filicudi and recognise its magical aura: legend has it that if you touch it, all your wishes will come true.
Islands
Panarea - Isole Eolie, Sicilia

Panarea

Panarea, the smallest island of the Aeolian Islands Panarea is the smallest and lowest of the 7 Aeolian islands, but also the oldest, geologically speaking. With its rocks and islets, it forms a kind of “archipelago within an archipelago” in the stretch of sea between Lipari and Stromboli. An unspoilt paradise in the Sicilian sunlight, at sunset becoming the queen of nightlife, epicentre of Aeolian social life. Exclusive destination with an ancient heart Discovered in the 1960s by a large community of artists and intellectuals in search of a lost Eden, a set celebrated by legendary films, over the decades the island has become a popular destination for tourism and the international jet set, attracted by its black beaches, thermal mud baths, whitewashed houses overlooking the sea, amidst patches of bougainvillea, capers and prickly pears. In the small town of San Pietro, the centre of the archipelago's summer nightlife, among clubs and discos to dance until dawn, among boutiques and restaurants, you can also visit a small branch of the Lipari Archaeological Museum: it preserves artefacts that testify to the island's ancient history, from the Neolithic period to the Bronze Age, almost all from the prehistoric village of Capo Milazzese. The fumaroles, the breath of the ancient volcano Traces of the ancient volcanic activity can still be found in the vapours of a series of fumaroles, which emanate from the cracks between the rocks of the Calcara beach and from the sea, where the gas escaping from the seabed forms columns of bubbles visible on the surface. In contrada San Pietro, a thermal spring also gushes out at a temperature of 50°C, used by the island's inhabitants for therapeutic purposes. A single concrete strip crosses the island: no cars are allowed here, but scooters, bicycles and Piaggio Ape cars can be hired to get around. Everything is so cosy that you can reach the other two hamlets on the island, Drautto and Ditella, directly on foot or, if you are tired or laden, aboard the Aeolian taxis, charming little gigs on wheels designed to transport people and luggage. The beaches: beautiful and all to conquer Most of Panarea's coastline consists of high, jagged cliffs, from which it is difficult to access the sea. The beaches here are few and not all within walking distance; however, they are among the most beautiful in the entire archipelago. Only a couple are accessible by land: Cala Junco, along the southern coast of the island, an enchanting natural pool with crystal-clear turquoise waters, protected by high cliffs, also famous for the prehistoric village of Punta Milazzese behind it, consisting of the remains of 23 oval huts. Along the same path, you will also come across Cala degli Zimmari, in a bay backed by a cliff and Mediterranean scrub, the only sandy beach on the entire island, known for its characteristic red colour that, by contrast, gives the sea that washes it a unique cobalt blue hue. Sea excursions and romantic traditions In Panarea, the most popular sport is to rent a boat and head out to sea, to discover the many little-visited coves nestled between its cliffs, islets and seascapes. If you reach Panarea in sweet company, one destination is a must: just 3 kilometres from the east coast is the islet of Lisca Bianca. Formerly exploited as an alum quarry, it houses among its ravines the famous Lovers' Cave: according to legend, lovers who kiss under its rocky vault will remain united for life.
Islands
960963794

Vulcano

Vulcano: the Aeolian island with a relaxing open-air spa If you want to make peace with nature, de-stress and detox from sedentary habits, Vulcano, with its full-of-life, primordial and, above all, healthy elements, is the island for you: its irrepressible volcanic temperament and spectacular, untamed landscape will help you relax and regain your inner balance. Welcoming and friendly Vulcano, a UNESCO World Heritage site less than a kilometre from Lipari, is the closest to the coast among the seven islands of the Aeolian archipelago. On this strip of Sicilian land, under the benevolent gaze of the ancient dormant “Vulcano” volcano, you can delight in the benefits of the thermal and sulphurous waters and an unspoilt seascape, for a holiday far from the masses. The island is very compact, so the best way to travel is by scooter or bicycle. A healthy volcanic vigour According to Greek mythology, Vulcano once housed the forges of Hephaestus, the god of fire and blacksmiths, who was served by none other than the Cyclops. Even though the last eruption on the island, composed of four original craters, was recorded around 1890, the ancient volcano continues to make its presence known through fumaroles, the jets of steam on the crest and on the seabed, and the sulphurous muds renowned for their therapeutic properties. Despite the overwhelming smell of sulphur, if you’re passing by Vulcano, you cannot miss out on the exciting experience of diving into the thermal mud baths, natural volcanic pools with curative properties. It was first made accessible to the public in the 1960s, when the superficial crust covering the pool was removed, without altering the natural habitat. This open-air spa offers remarkable benefits: it can sooth inflammation and pain, heal the skin and is a real pick-me-up for the respiratory system. A hike to the summit with breathtaking views Why not follow your mud bath with a dip in the island's crystal-clear waters? Or this might be your final stop for a well-deserved refreshment after a challenging hike to Vulcano’s Great Fossa Crater, at 391 metres above sea level. It is a somewhat strenuous seven-kilometre route, but is suitable for everyone. We recommend hiking during the cooler hours of the day: it is a three-hour round trip, but it is well worth it for the breathtaking 360-degree views of the archipelago at the summit. Jurassic park in lava stone Starting from Porto Levante, in the northern part of the island, you can head along a paved road to the Vulcanello peninsula: one of the three original eruptive craters of Vulcano, whose activity has shaped a surreal landscape known by the locals as the 'Valley of the Monsters'. Here, on a carpet of fine black sand, nature has fashioned a bizarre kind of Jurassic Park out of lava rock. When you let your imagination run wild, in these sculptures eroded by water and wind you will begin to see fantastical prehistoric monsters, crouching beasts and menacing creatures: in reality, nothing but bubbling lava formations solidified by a sudden cooling of the air. Black beaches with reflective natural pools After tackling monster valleys and volcanic treks, you deserve to treat yourself to some seaside relaxation. The shores of Vulcano are famous for their dark beaches and seabeds, where the lava stone plays with the sunlight’s reflections as it filters through the water, creating striking effects, especially at sunset. You can get a great picture of this at the Sabbie nere (Black Sands) beach, in the bay of Ponente, perhaps the most famous beach on Vulcano. From here, you can hire a boat and visit the enchanting Cavallo cave. Then there is the nearby Pool of Venus, which can only be reached by sea but is well worth the effort: also known as Bagno delle Vergini, it is an immense natural pool of tuff and basalt with inviting turquoise waters. Relaxation and nightlife: all in one beach If, on the other hand, you want to pamper yourself with a dip in bubbling water heated by sulphur vapours, you should stop by Fumarole beach, protected by a wall of rocks and Mediterranean scrubland, nestled in the bay of Ponente. Easily accessible by taxi boat or by taking a downhill path from the main road, Asino beach, private and secluded during the day, becomes a popular destination at night: this well-furnished cove hosts a fantastic bar where you can spend unforgettable evenings amid music and cocktails, the sea and starlit skies.
Islands
Salina - Isole Eolie, Sicilia

Salina

Salina, the greenest of the Aeolian Islands Thanks to its protected central position, Salina, the second largest of the Aeolian islands, is also the richest in vegetation and water of the entire Sicilian archipelago, and certainly the one where volcanic activity is at its quietest. Known as the Green Island, the ancient volcanic origins of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, testified by the extinct craters of Monte Fossa delle Felci and Monte Porri, two of the six volcanoes that once set it ablaze, are today nestled in a lush Nature Reserve that covers a large part of the territory and hosts several high-altitude routes for trekking enthusiasts. A scenic tour of the villages In another fascinating anomaly, Salina is the only Aeolian Island not administratively dependent on Lipari. It has three autonomous municipalities: Malfa, Leni and Santa Marina – well connected centres accessible by car, scooter or an excellent bus service that runs late into the night in summer. On the slopes of Monte Fossa delle Felci, lively and bustling especially in the evenings, Santa Marina is the place to be, criss-crossed by narrow streets full of bars and boutiques, with its iconic 18th-century church with twin bell towers. Perched on what remains of an ancient volcanic crater, the hamlet of Pollara is also a picture-perfect destination. It is guarded from the sea by an immense sea stack, probably a slab of its own rock that once fell off. Valdichiesa, an enchanted mountain village If you prefer the mountains to the sea, you will find cool respite from all the seaside shenanigans in the village of Valdichiesa, a small hamlet in the municipality of Leni, definitely the most “mountainous” on the island: it looks like an enchanted village, framed by mountains and vineyards. Here you will find the Sanctuary of the Madonna del Terzito, a pilgrimage destination, especially during the traditional celebrations on 23rd July: it is said that the Madonna has appeared in this area three times. A journey through the island's history Along Salina's historical-artistic itinerary it is worth visiting the Saracen caves, a series of interconnecting tunnels dug into the tuff and used as a refuge during the Saracen invasion in 650 AD. You can also reach them at the end of a rather long and demanding trekking route that starts in Santa Marina, among olive and fruit trees. Or why not take a journey back in time, visiting the beautiful, well-preserved archaeological site of Portella, between Santa Marina and Capo Faro? The ruins of the village here date back to the Bronze Age, and the Roman baths sit on the promenade from Santa Marina, now partially eroded by sea storms. An arch with a view If panoramic views are more your thing, keep an eye out for the “Castello” on the road between Pollara and Malfa, which will lead you to a small World War I fort. The square in front of it is a panoramic terrace overlooking the volcanic crater that houses Pollara, its beach and its private stretch of sea. Punta Perciato in Salina is undoubtedly the best place to admire the sunset, one of the most beautiful in the world, they say! This spectacular natural volcanic rock arch lets you watch the sun plunge into the sea next to Filicudi and Alicudi against a bright red sky. Stairway to the beach The best way to explore the sea of Salina is on board one of the many fishing boats that tour the island daily, though there are at least a couple of beaches accessible by land that are well worth a visit. The first is the beach at Pollara, the setting for many of the scenes in Il Postino, the last film starring Massimo Troisi: a gravel cove, dominated by an imposing cliff, creates a natural amphitheatre of tuff overlooking the sea. The nearby Punta Scario cove is also a wonderful place to spend a day in the sun. Immersed in the Mediterranean scrubland, at the bottom of another long flight of steps, it is a true paradise, though the pebbles can be a little uncomfortable under a towel after a while. Not to fear, the little cafe at the bottom of the slope is there to come to your rescue with airbeds for hire!
Sea
Baia delle Mimose

Baia delle Mimose

In Sardinia at Baia delle Mimose, between fine sand and a thousand shades of blue Light, fine Caribbean-like sand and small clumps of bushes and wild flowers that conjure up images of beautiful deserts: yet we are not on the other side of the world, but in the incredible Sardinia that holds constant surprises in store for us. Welcome to Baia delle Mimose, a long beach on the border between Gallura and Anglona, amidst jagged cliffs overlooking the sea and the typical colours of the Mediterranean maquis. A holiday for the whole family Mimosa Bay is a corner of paradise that appeals to everyone: adults can indulge in lazing around in the sunshine, and youngsters enjoy long swims and organised games on the beach. The scenery is literally hypnotic, thanks also to the soft dunes covered with junipers and sea rosesagainst the backdrop of crystal-clear water, in a postcard-perfect setting. Not far from these small sandy mountains are a few small villas, a shopping centre with the main services, including a tobacco bar, a beauty centre, a boutique and an excursion point. The most popular destination for sportsmen The wind is constant at Le Mimose and this makes the 3 km long coastline perfect for wind and kite surfing. In addition, for those wishing to travel and explore the surroundings, its location is strategic: in fact, it is only 6 km from the town of Badesi, 70 km from Alghero and 80 km from Olbia. A small scenic paradise Among the many surprises Baia delle Mimose has in store is that it is not particularly crowded. This is how this beach, despite its limited size, remains an oasis of tranquillity even in high season. An advantage for tourists who want to spend their holidays in direct contact with nature and, at the same time, not stray too far from their residential centre. From here, one's gaze can sweep over the Isola Rossa in the distance in all its splendour and the outline of the Castelsardo promontory. A Blue Flag beach For its quality services, as well as the cleanliness of its waters, the beach has been awarded the Blue Flag continuously since 2017. The prestigious title was awarded by the Foundation for Environmental Education (Fee), after a careful evaluation including, among others, its excellent accessibility, the presence of parking, refreshment facilities and the possibility of hiring bathing equipment. What's more, even four-legged friends can enjoy a well-deserved holiday here. Not far from the mouth of the Coghinas river, there is a small 300 square metre beach with a dog beach, equipped with parasols, bowls and showers. Exploring the surroundings of Badesi The Bay of Mimosas is spectacular, but it is not the only gem in the area. Not to be missed is Li Mindi, with its clear sand and the possibility of catching a glimpse of Corsica and Asinara in the distance on fine days. No less interesting is also Li Junchi, with its golden sand and often windy, so perfect for surfers. Past the mouth of the Coghinas river, another naturalistic treasure awaits: Valledoria, with the seaside hamlet of San Pietro a mare, with its dunes covered in Mediterranean maquis, stretches of vegetation and a seabed perfect for diving and snorkelling.
Sea
Stintino - Sassari

Stintino and La Pelosa

Between Stintino and La Pelosa, the Caribbean of Sardinia Better than being in the Caribbean is being in Italy. This is Stintino and La Pelosa in Sardinia, where the sea is a spectacle of nature. The most famous beach of Stintino is located on the north-western tip of Sardinia. La Pelosa has water with colours ranging from azure to turquoise, a dazzling expanse of fine white beach and dunes dotted with Mediterranean scrub. But don't stop there, the surrounding area has even more hidden corners that are just as beautiful and less crowded. La Pelosa means where the sea shimmers and has a thousand shades. They call it sa pelosa here, due to the abundant presence of seaweed in this part of the coastline (pelosa means hairy). If you find this annoying, just know that you won't even remember it as soon as you see this beach’s iridescent sea of a thousand shades. The water’s always calm because it’s protected from the tides and the north-west wind by a natural barrier created by the stacks of Capo Falcone, Piana Island and the rocks of Asinara. The Sardinians call the small gulf overlooked by La Pelosa beach inland sea as opposed to the open sea of the westernmost coast exposed to the wind. The seabed here is very shallow and even small children can have fun in complete safety. To preserve the beach’s beauty in the summer months, access is limited and by reservation only. It’s still best to arrive early to avoid the crowds. La Pelosetta and its islets The smaller Pelosetta is just as beautiful as La Pelosa. It’s just in front of the islet on which Pelosa Tower stands, a ten-metre-high Aragonese construction that can be reached on foot by walking along the seabed populated by hundreds of small fish. Just beyond is Piana Island, with the ruins of another Spanish tower. In the past the island was used for seasonal migration, transporting cattle on boats. Le Saline and other nearby beaches The beaches of Stintino, on the east coast, are equally heavenly and almost always much less crowded. The most beautiful is Le Saline, a beach of white pebbles shimmering in the sun. It got its name (saline means “salt pans”) because of its proximity to the salt pans built by the monks of Santa Maria di Tergu in the 13th century. Tonnare beach is also near here. The former tuna fishery is now a beach resort. Those seeking more tranquillity than the crowded beaches will love Cala Lupo and Punta Negra. The very long Ezzi Mannu beach is also not to be missed. If you like wilder beaches and contact with unspoilt nature, the ideal spot is the beach of Pilo, further south. Pilo pond is just behind the shoreline, where flamingos, herons, roseate gulls and kingfishers can be spotted. The wildest cliffs The coastline facing the Sardinian Sea beyond Capo Falcone is even wilder. Instead of stretches of sand, rocks are interspersed with coves here, some of which can only be reached by boat, such as Biggiu Marinu. Others can also be reached by land via paths on the promontory. Make sure to explore Cala Coscia di Donna and Cala Vapore, which lies in front of the wreck of a sunken steamer only six metres from the shore. A stroll in Stintino Established as a fishing village at the end of the 19th century when the inhabitants of Asinara were evicted to make way for the penal colony, it still features low houses overlooking two small marinas. In the past, life in the village was linked to tuna processing, and there is now a museum in the old tuna fishery that was active until the 1970s that recounts the tradition. In the town's two harbours, wooden gozzi, or fishing boats, with lateen sails are moored, a symbol of Stintino. A regatta is also held here at the end of August. Don't miss a trip to nearby Porto Torres, the largest historical centre in the area. Full of clubs and very busy, it has always been an important commercial port and is ideal if you’re looking for a bit of nightlife, beautiful sea and Sardinian tradition. Make sure not to miss the Aragonese Tower. Try the lobster and potato soup After a day of exploring the beaches, dinner is more than deserved. Featuring fish, of course. Stop at one of Stintino's small restaurants to try octopus in garlic sauce or Stintinese-style lobster and potato soup, spaghetti with urchins and sardines in tomato sauce. Feeling brave? Taste u belu, which is tuna tripe. Leave room for dessert, the typical Stintino dessert is tumbarella.
Lakes
Isola del Garda

Isola del Garda

Experience a fairy tale in the garden of Isola del Garda In antiquity, a terrible cataclysm detached part of the dry earth, letting it float on the waters. Thus Isola del Garda was born, an enchanted place on the Brescia side of Lake Garda, open to tourists for guided tours and interesting experiences. St Francis of Assisi, St Anthony of Padua and Dante Alighieri passed through here. The owners are now three sisters and four brothers of the Cavazza family, who look after the residence and the park with love and dedication. Passionate people, who have decided to open their treasure chest, the green gem of the lake, to the public. Unspoilt nature The disembarkation takes place in the intense scent of citrons and lemons. The air is clear and the special microclimate provides mild days for several months of the year. As soon as one lands on the scenic green cliff that is Isola del Garda, it is the centuries-old cypresses that strike one. Majestic, they provide a dignified setting for the splendid villa in Venetian neo-Gothic stylebuilt in the early 20th century to a design by architect Luigi Rovelli. At its feet, terraces and gardens slope down to the placid, crystal-clear waters of the lake. The large park is an absolute marvel in every corner, a result of the endless care and centuries-old research. When Duke De Ferrari of Genoa bought the island in the late 19th century and had the mansion built, his daughter Anna Maria wanted to plant flowers and exotic essences. Later, his daughter Livia, consort of Count Alessandro Cavazza, who was motivated by the same love of gardening, took care of it. The show we can see today is the result of the action of many skilful hands and a great passion. From a design point of view, the entire park was conceived to be admired from the water, as you approach on board the boats. On the central terrace the garden is in classical Italian style while in what used to be the orchard garden, organised on the lower terrace, is an English-style garden. Here thrive persimmons, lemons, pears, pomegranates, oranges, grapefruits, prickly pears, jujubes and capers. In another area, palm trees from the Canary Islands stand out. Roses and bougainvillea make the colours explode. Oaks, poplars and pines are great. Myths and magic It is not only the extraordinary natural setting that captivates, because the Isola del Garda park has other surprises in store. The hedges are modelled to represent various figures, in plays of geometry, including the reproduction of the coat of arms of the De Ferrari family, who first gave life to the garden. While strolling, one also encounters mysterious presences, somewhere between the human and the mythological. They are called “the guardians of the garden” and are wooden sculptures created by artist Gianluigi Zambelli. There is a young boy sitting on a bench, pensively observing a chrysalis: it is about to hatch and inside can be glimpsed the beautiful face of a young girl. There's a dragonfly emerging from a pond, and a horse emerging from the green. Then fauns, nymphs and sprites, populating a fairy tale that is pure reality. Her Majesty the Olive Due to its favourable climate and geographical position, Lake Garda constitutes the ideal habitat for the cultivation of olives. This island is no exception and boasts 50 varieties of cultivars, some of which date back to ancient Roman times. Among the varieties are Leccino, Frantoio, Pendolino, Casaliva and Gargnà. The owners, with their farm Azienda Agricola Borghese Cavazza, produce various types of Garda PDO olive oil of excellent quality. Light and with fruity notes, it is an essential ingredient in the local cuisine. In this regard, it is worth mentioning a small, indispensable ritual, poetry for the palate in its simplicity: to savour all the aromas it releases, oil should be enjoyed on bruschetta. Other products, equally “children” of the park, can also be purchased: lemon liqueurs and cosmetics made from extra virgin olive oil. One trip, many possibilities The guided tour of Isola del Garda, which includes the park and the Villa, is already a remarkable experience in itself. On certain dates of the year, however, it is possible to combine a tasting of the local wines, which are as renowned as the oil. Or you can opt for an extraordinary observation of the celestial vault, when the stars fall, on the days from 10 August, the night of St Lawrence, to the 14th of the same month. If, on the other hand, it is the water that attracts you, seize the following opportunity: a cruise on a sailing ship.
Islands
Island of Budelli

Island of Budelli

Budelli pink beach, a wonder in Sardinia Unique in the world for the unlikely colour of its sand, located in the far North of Sardinia, near the Strait of Bonifacio. The pink beach of the Island of Budelli alongside Razzoli, Santa Maria and the nearby Spargi, are the most unspoiled, wild areas of the Archipelago della Maddalena National Park. A hidden gem Situated in Cala di Roto, which is on the south-eastern side of Budelli Island, the beach glows its special rosy hue. To protect it, the park authorities decided to prohibit tourists from docking their boats on the shore. All around there is an archipelago full of islets, coves, inlets and beaches - all accessible - and sea beds to be discovered. Populated by fish and colonies of soft corals gifting their typical red reflections to the crystalline waters. Heritage to be safeguarded The island was owned privately for the last century. The last individual a New Zealand billionaire who bought it at auction in 2013 for almost 3 million euros. The state however snatched it back and it became public property in 2016. It was assigned to the care of the Archipelago della Maddalena National Park who declared the beach Zone A. This high level of protection prohibits tourists from accessing, passing through, resting and bathing in the water of the island. Stepping on the pink beach is therefore, a now forbidden pleasure, navigation is possible up to the border of buoys, which close access to the bay from about 70 metres from the shore. Having recently evicted the very popular 80 something year old caretaker, who shared the wonders of Budelli with the whole world through social media, the Park council decided to install, in collaboration with the WWF, a surveillance camera system that allows constant monitoring of the beach. Alchemy en rose Sheltered from the wind thanks to a jagged rocky headland and a high juniper hedge, the beach owes its particular colour to a fragile yet powerful alchemy from mixing fragments of coral, granite, shells and molluscs in its fine sand. The rare pink hue is particularly influenced by a microorganism that lives inside the shells, decorating the seabed in the Posidonia meadows. When this microorganism dies, its shells get swept to shore pulverized by the currents and atmospheric qualities. In the last century, frequent anchoring and the irregular motion of the sea compromised the Posidonia seagrass beds and modified the sandy composition. Since the rules for safeguarding the beach were put in place, the beach has finally taken back its original coral colour. A myth immortalized by the cinema “There was a little girl who lived on an island”: is how Monica Vitti began her long monologue. Legendary protagonist of Deserto Rosso, the first colour film shot by Michelangelo Antonioni. Vitti’s unforgettable voice evokes a dreamlike enchantment, in the 1964’s film which the director from Ferrara decided to set on the pink beach of Budelli. A step from beauty Even if the authorities have prohibited access to the shoreline, in order to preserve its integrity. From a distance, you can still enjoy its unique panorama, thanks to the many boat services departing from Palau or Maddalena that offer the Archipelago tour. You can indeed limit yourself to admiring its beauty from the sea, at about 70 metres. However the Park Authority have also made wooden pathways surrounding the perimeter of the beach, to give tourists the opportunity of visiting this natural paradise, without trampling or altering it. Once your boat or raft is anchored, from the nearby beaches of Cavaliere and Cala di Roto, which also offer spectacular views, you can set off accompanied by park guides along the pathways that run alongside the area.
Islands
The island of Asinara

The island of Asinara

The island of Asinara: the long history of a magical place The Romans called it the Island of Hercules before it became a land of contention between the Maritime Republics of Pisa and Genoa, then domain of the Savoy, a place of confinement, leper house and prison. The island of Asinara has had a long and troubled history, but almost a century of isolation has made it a still unspoilt natural paradise. Today, a protected marine area to be explored on foot, by bicycle or boat, discovering the wilder and rockier west coast and shallow shores and sandy seabed of the east. Donkey Island According to legend, Hercules grasped the end of Sardinia with his mighty hand, tearing it from the mainland, hence the name, Herculis Insula. Later called Sinuaria for the wealth of gulfs and inlets on its 110 km of coast. Asinara is perhaps a mispronunciation of the Latin or perhaps it refers to the white donkeys that have lived there since time immemorial and still live free on the island. A story that begins in the Neolithic In the Campu Perdu area, in the north of the island is a domus de janas, evidence that these places were inhabited since the Neolithic period. A few wrecks found in the sea remain from Roman times. One is still visible a few metres from the jetty in Cala Reale. Over time, the island had to deal with Arab raids, later skirmishes between Pisa and Genoa for supremacy in the Mediterranean. It was the Ligurian Malaspina who built the Castellaccio here, which dominates the entire gulf from above. The pirate Barbarossa landed nearby to hide between robberies. In 1885, Asinara became a penal colony and the island's inhabitants had to leave. Many of them founded Stintino, then called Cala Savoia. Since then, the island remained inaccessible for over a century. Only since 1998, when the maximum security prison was closed, has it reopened to visitors. Asinara's most beautiful beaches Being a protected reserve, not all beaches on the island are accessible. These can only be admired from afar, Cala Sant'Andrea and Cala d'Arena. Caretta caretta turtles lay their eggs here. Cala Sabina can be reached via ancient mule track. It is 30 minutes from Cala d’Oliva. Near Cala d’Oliva are Cala Murichessa and Cala Giardino. Don't miss Cala di Sgombro at the narrowest point on the island: steep cliff with rough sea on one side, sandy seabed with a calm sea on the other. On foot, by bike, off-road... or swimming! The best way to immerse yourself in the Asinara National Park wilderness is to walk around it. But watch out for the sun: there is hardly any shade. Also bring sufficient water because there are only two cafes on the island. In Cala Reale you can hire electric bikes and cars, sailboats and canoes. Or book an off-road tour accompanied by Geomarine Environmental Guides. This is the only way to visit certain areas of the island like Cala Trabuccato and Punta Scorno. A visit to Asinara cannot be complete without a dip in its crystal-clear waters. Not only for a refreshing swim in the water in shades of blue to green, but also to observe the wonderful seabed populated by countless creatures: a snorkelling paradise. During a boat trip it is easy to spot dolphins, even sea turtles. Not only nature: what else to visit Although nature is the dominant feature, there are many human traces to be discovered around the island. In addition to the Neolithic Campu Perdu domus de janas and the Castellaccio ruins, several watchtowers built in the 16th century can be found along the coast. The Ossuary, built to house the remains of thousands of Austro-Hungarian prisoners during the WWI, dates back to 1936. In Cala Reale, there is the Royal Palace, former summer residence of the Savoy family. In Fornelli, you can visit the old prison.
Sea
La Fontelina

La Fontelina

La Fontelina, a dream location on the legendary island of Capri At Capri, a magical island in the Gulf of Naples, the blue sea and the waves caress the tall “Faraglioni” sea-stack formations, a symbolic feature of one of the most beautiful and popular tourist destinations in the world. At La Fontelina, the rocks of the high coastline form a series of small coves offering natural pools where diving into the sea is a marvellous experience. In particular, the historic village and the Mediterranean maquis dotted with lemon trees are very attractive features of the island. A natural paradise Lying at a comfortable point on a bed of rock, you will feel as if you are in heaven. La Fontelina is an unforgettable location enhanced by the bright colours of its environment and offering an opportunity to achieve a state of total relaxation. You will arrive there after a lovely walk along the Belvedere di Tragara, and it is certainly worth returning to this viewpoint shortly after sunset. At La Fontelina you may also decide to spend some time at the Beach Club, a very famous bathing establishment with a private restaurant. The Italian place-name – “Fontelina” - literally means “source of linen” and derives from the fact that women on the island would come here to steep their flax leaves in brackish pools of water to produce linen, a fundamental fabric for the production of fishing nets and clothes. Guardians of the island The three sea stacks have always had the role of “guarding” the island and these imposing rocks rising out of the sea have become a representative icon. The first spur of rock, still joined to the coast, is known as Stella, the second is the Faraglione di Mezzo, which presents a magnificent natural arch, and the third is the Faraglione di Fuori; the solitary rocky islet called Monacone is only a short distance away. The 100-metre high spurs of rock will always be there in the background during your period of relaxation at La Fontelina, but for a closer view you might treat yourself to a sea-tour. An infinite number of excursions are offered on the island. Under the arch of the Faraglione di Mezzo it is a romantic custom to kiss one’s partner, and it is thought that the gesture will definitely bring good fortune. It is possible to enter the Grotta Azzurra only by lying down inside a rowing boat as it enters the hollow because the point of access is very low and narrow. A marvellous setting will then suddenly appear before you: the sensation is that of floating in a totally dark space, barely illuminated by shimmering light reflected on the surface of the water, reflecting an iridescent blue glare. Some boat rental services also propose fascinating sunset excursions. The rich nature of the seabed If you are passionate about snorkelling and diving or in any case interested in this kind of sporting activity, you are in the right place. There are a lot of diving centres. The deep sea and the rugged and indented coastline provide an ideal setting and magical seabed environments. Here you will discover a colourful dimension in the midst of red and yellow Gorgonia “sea fans”, the Posidonia seagrass and coral species of various colours, while dense shoals of orange Anthias, sunfish and pelagic fish will be swimming all around you. Beneath the surface of the water you will find submerged rock walls enveloped by beams of light that appear before you like shining blades. Around the rock stacks, using your fins, mask and a snorkel, you will become familiar with grouper fish and prawns. A never-ending story At this site we can reflect on prehistoric ages and periods when it was dominated by the presence of the Greeks and Romans. Many traces of historical events that have unfolded on the island of Capri are still present and evidence of past eras is carefully preserved. An early admirer of the island was the Roman Emperor Augustus. Roman patricians were enchanted by the beauty of the area and began to have villas and adjoining local water cistern systems built here over 2,000 years ago. Their sea vessels loaded with provisions would arrive here, passing by the gigantic Faraglioni rock stacks. Since that time Capri has never ceased to attract and enthral visitors and since the 1900s it has become a favourite destination for the international jet set. Roaming around the town Situated on a prominent rocky hill, the historic municipality of Capri is simply a delightful venue. The main square, Piazza Umberto I, is the heart of the village and most residents would simply refer to it as the “piazzetta”. You will enjoy having a coffee here in an open-air lounge; you can admire the view from the terrazza belvedere and then wander through the maze of narrow streets. You may decide to visit some of the beautiful churches and then the Certosa di San Giacomo, a Carthusian monastery with internal cloisters, the construction of which was completed in 1371. You should also walk through the Gardens of Augustus, where flower-covered terraces overlook the Faraglioni stacks on one side and the Marina Piccola bay on the other. The gardens are filled with a lot of indigenous vegetation, including holm oaks and cypress trees, mimosa plants and flower beds covered with gorse, dahlias and daffodils. Go for a leisurely walk among the lemon trees. Afterwards you may decide to use the chair-lift facility to reach Anacapri or, farther on, Monte Solaro, where you will enjoy extraordinary panoramic views at these high points.
Villages
Eryx

Eryx

Erice, city of the goddess Venus One of Sicily's most enchanting locations, Erice is like an eagle's nest from which to enjoy grandiose views of the Trapani coast to the Egadi archipelago. Set on a cliff 751 metres above sea level, its curious triangular perimeter contains not only valuable medieval monuments and churches, but also a contemporary art centre and a prestigious scientific institution. Erice is a jewel of art and culture with a millennial history that deserves to be visited at least once in a lifetime. A treasure chest of artistic and archaeological treasures The origins of Erice are ancient. They are traced back to the Elymians, a people of probable Greek origin who, according to legend, descended from Trojan exiles. Beyond the foundation myth, Erice was also known to the Romans for a sanctuary built on a steep cliff dedicated to the cult of the Greek Aphrodite and, later, the Roman Venus Ericina, goddess of fertility and love. In the Middle Ages, the Normans built a manor in the same area. Known today by a name that sums up the entire history of the place, the Castle of Venus dominates the fortress and watches over the surrounding area. The fortress is the highest point in Erice, and we recommend you choose it as the initial or final stop on your walk through the town of Erice. If you start from above, enjoy the splendid view of the coast and the delightful Torretta Pepoli. Through the Balio garden, you enter the elegant medieval old town with its carpet-like stone pavement and narrow alleys, because space within the walls has always been scarce. Not to be missed: the church of San Giovanni Battista with its round dome and pointed portal and some statues by the Gaginis, and the Antonino Cordici museum set up in the former convent of San Francesco and divided into several sections, which is fundamental to learn about the history of Erice. Continuing towards Piazza Umberto you will find the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture, in the former monastery of San Pietro, which hosts symposia and conferences dedicated to various scientific disciplines every year. Towards Porta Trapani is the elegant Piazza Matrice with the 14th-century cathedral. Characterised on the façade by a rose window and preceded by a crenellated portico with pointed arch openings, it presents itself in all its medieval splendour. The neo-Gothic interior captivates with its elegance and the art treasures preserved there. Note the nine Greek marble crosses on the south wall affixed in 1685 and coming from the temple of Venus Ericina. Beyond the Porta del Carmine along Via dell'Addolorata one arrives at the so-called Spanish Quarter, which is not a real quarter, but a building that was supposed to house Spanish troops but remained unfinished. Today, it is home to permanent anthropological exhibitions. From its terrace, the panorama will leave you breathless. Trekking on Mount Erice The amenity of the place is such that you will want to explore the area of Mount Erice. To do so, there are the Agro Ericino trails, various trekking routes that start mostly from the arrival of the funicular railway from Trapani to cross the state forest or to explore the three rock churches scattered around the mountain. Above Erice, there is also a CAI hut to which one can refer to explore the area and also go to Mount Cofano and San Vito Lo Capo. Genovesi and martorana fruit: discover traditional sweets If walking has made you hungry, there is no shortage of pastry shops in Erice where you can get refreshed. The town has a strong tradition of sweets, the recipes for which are said to have been handed down by the cloistered nuns of Erice, the most typical of which are the genovese, a shortcrust pastry morsel filled with cream and eaten while still warm; mustazzoli, aromatic hard and crispy biscuits; ripostetti, filled with citron conserve and decorated with pastel-coloured icing; bocconcini di mandorla, quaresimali and frutta martorana. The most renowned pastry shops are Maria Grammatico's, which also organises cooking courses, and San Carlo, both in the historic centre. Desserts go well with a glass of sweet Marsala from the vineyards cultivated just below Mount Erice.
Islands
Favignana island

Favignana island

Favignana, the paradise island with a turquoise sea Favignana, the largest of the Egadi Islands, is a cluster of shallow bays with a turquoise sea, listed as a marine protected area. Its flat coastline makes it easy to get around on foot or by bicycle, so that you can discover a different beach every day. In what used to be one of the largest tuna fisheries in the Mediterranean, a museum has been opened in the harbour bay to retrace the history of tuna fishing. Beaches for all tastes Favignana's beaches can cater for all tastes and needs: that of Praia, near the harbour, Cala Azzurra, Lido Burrone, the Calamoni, in the south-east, are all mainly sandy. The coast of Punta Lunga, the Preveto and Faraglioni beaches, on the other hand, have sand mixed with pebbles. Cala Rossa, on the north-eastern coast, offers both rocks and sand, while Grotta Perciata, Punta Fanfalo and Cavallo are completely rocky. A Marine Protected Area The sea that laps Favignana is included in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of the Egadi Islands, a marine park that is particularly important not only for its size (54,000 hectares, the largest in Europe), but also for its geographical position: the park is in fact the first point of arrival for algae and oceanic fauna that move with the Atlantic currents, a flow of water that rises to the surface just near the Egadi Islands with its important biological richness. The MPA aims to preserve the fauna, which is particularly rich in protected or vulnerable species, including the monk seal, bluefin tuna, sea turtle, dolphin, sperm whale, sharks, manta rays and various species of fish and molluscs. To enjoy the sea, take a boat with the local fishermen who organise excursions to the caves and fishing-tourism activities: many of them are former tuna fishermen who can tell you how the tuna fishing took place. The stone quarries of Favignana For centuries, calcarenite, improperly called tuff, a very compact, light-coloured building stone, was quarried on Favignana. The quarrying has left deep traces everywhere, particularly in the north-eastern area, of open quarries that, now abandoned, are used by the inhabitants to make vegetable patches and gardens protected from the wind where fruit trees such as figs, almonds and citrus fruits grow. Some quarries near the coast have become convenient descents to the sea or have created extravagantly shaped pools: where they are slowly being re-naturalised, they create striking environments. Go and see Cala Rossa, where quarrymen have left tall tuff columns that resemble those of a cathedral. What to do in Favignana On the island you can take long, easy walks both along the coast to explore the beaches, and in the hilly part towards the Fort of Santa Caterina, an ancient watchtower rebuilt by Roger II the Norman and later used by the Bourbons as a prison. Today it is an extraordinary observation point for the entire archipelago and the western coast of Sicily. Visit the museum built in the former Florio factory, one of the largest ancient tuna fisheries in the Mediterranean, which houses an exhibition with videos and evidence of tuna slaughter, as well as a room with archaeological finds. From the port of Favignana you can set off on an excursion to the island of Levanzo, where the sea is possibly even more transparent and inviting. On this island, of particular interest is the Grotta del Genovese, where a number of paintings and engravings dating back to the Neolithic period can be seen, including the silhouette of a tuna, an animal that has always been important to the communities that have lived on these islands. The cave can be reached on foot, but you must first contact the attendant at the harbour, or by boat. Fishballs, steaks or tartare: tuna is served The main ingredient of Favignana cuisine is tuna, which is fished between May and June and eaten as tartare, tasty fishballs or grilled steaks. There are also specialities such as spaghetti alla bottarga (tuna roe) and tuna carbonara. In the restaurants you will also find pasta with sea urchins, Egadi lobster and plenty of other fish, and there is no shortage of cous-cous, as is the case throughout eastern Sicily. For dessert, try the granitas in various flavours, also accompanied by brioches, cannoli and cassatas that go well with a glass of Marsala.
Villages
Marsala

Marsala

Marsala, the city of wine and salt Marsala is a city and it is also a wine. Both are elegant and rich in history. The city is enclosed within the ramparts of the 16th century, when it experienced its own Renaissance that enriched it with palaces, churches and monasteries. Wine is the product that has made it world-famous, thanks in part to the intuition of an English merchant who adapted it to British tastes. In the beautiful historic centre, you can visit the vestiges of its past along with the historic cellars that hold high the prestige of its best product, while on the coast salt is produced in spectacular salt pans. Between baroque and nature Those entering from Porta Nuova are greeted by a string of beautiful Renaissance and Baroque palaces, such as the Monastery of San Pietro, which houses the Civic Museum, with an archaeological section and one dedicated to the Risorgimento; Garibaldi and the Thousand landed at Marsala to accomplish the feat of the Unification of Italy. A little further on, you enter Piazza della Repubblica, Marsala's living room, with the beautiful Palazzo VII Aprile with its Clock Tower and Baroque cathedral, although the façade was not actually completed until 1956, and, next door, the Tapestry Museum where eight Flemish tapestries, a gift from a Spanish king, are on display. A few steps away is the Convento del Carmine, now the Museum of Contemporary Painting with works by various Italian artists including Cassinari, Maccari, Marchegiani, Pomodoro, Sassu, Sironi and temporary exhibitions. To immerse yourself in Marsala's more ancient past, visit the Baglio Anselmi Archaeological Museum, in the building of a former winery on the seafront: it displays various artefacts narrating the foundation of the city (then called Lilybaeum) by exiles from the Phoenician colony on the island of Mothia. Don't miss the wreck of a Punic ship that was probably shipwrecked during the battle of the Egadi Islands in the First Punic War, found off the coast of Isola Lunga near Punta Scario, the Roman mosaics and an extraordinary collection of amphorae documenting the trade of antiquity. The museum visit is completed in the archaeological park with the Roman Insula, the site of a large Roman villa from the 3rd century AD with baths, cisterns and the remains of an early Christian necropolis. Marsala's beating heart is its recently renovated central Fish Market, by day the place where the catch from the Stagnone and the Strait of Sicily pours in, by night the centre of the nightlife where people dine and stay late. The Marsala wine that pleased the English Wine has always been produced in Marsala, ever since Phoenician times, but it was towards the end of the 18th century that an English merchant, John Woodhouse, sent some barrels of local wine to England for his customers to taste, but added a dose of aqua-vitae so that the wine would not spoil during navigation. Thus was born the Marsala we know today, a liqueur wine much appreciated by the English who imported it in quantity, making the fortune of the local producers: Florio, Rallo, Donnafugata, Pellegrino, whose historic cellars are still located in the centre of Marsala. The Stagnone Reserve and Mozia The Stagnone Reserve is a lagoon to the north of Marsala, two thousand hectares of shallow and very salty waters within which there are four islands: the Big Island that forms a barrier to the lagoon, the island of Santa Maria, a strip of land, the Schola, because in Roman times it housed a school of rhetoric, where Cicero is said to have taught when he was quaestor of the city of Lilybaetum, and Mothia (Mozia), an island on which stood a Phoenician city from the 8th century BC that ancient sources describe as rich in beautiful palaces, one of the most important trading bases in the ancient Mediterranean. BC that ancient sources describe as rich in beautiful palaces, one of the most important trading bases in the ancient Mediterranean. Conquered by Dionysius of Syracuse, Mothia was destroyed in 397 B.C. and never rebuilt, so its ruins are 'intact', with no overlays; a true paradise for archaeologists. The survivors in fact founded Lilybaeum, today's Marsala. The island of Mothia now belongs to the Whitaker Foundation, an English wine producer who bought it and started excavations in the early 20th century, and is open for visits. The Marsala salt pans and windmills On the coast to the north of the city, overlooking the Stagnone, are the Salt Pans of the Marsala Ettore and Infersa Lagoon, one of the most spectacular places on the west coast of Sicily, sheets of water that take on different colours depending on the season, against which stand out the outlines of windmills surrounded by mounds of white salt. A place that is not only very poetic and photogenic, but also of great historical and environmental interest, structured to make visitors experience salt in the round: here one can take walks along the salt pans, visit mills that are still in operation, have tastings, manually harvest salt with the salt miners, and immerse oneself in tanks that are out of production, but still fed by the hydraulic circuit, where one can float in salt solutions with different concentrations and lie on the salt crust.
Sea
Marettimo

Marettimo

Marettimo, hiking and the sea in an unspoilt oasis The westernmost of the Egadi Islands, Marettimo is a wild, mountainous island covered in thick scrub, where human impact has been minimal. It has archaeological sites, a Spanish fort, plenty of sea caves, hiking trails and a few beaches that can be reached by land, where the color of the sea is astonishing. There are no hotels in Marettimo, only rooms in residents' homes where hospitality is strictly island style. History, archaeology and emigration Marettimo welcomes you into a small port with turquoise waters and white houses. The name has nothing to do with the sea or seafaring; rather, the etymology refers to the thyme plant that grows wild here (with 'thymus' meaning 'thyme'). To get to know the island and the locals, it’s worth visiting the Museo del mare, delle attività e tradizioni marinare e dell'emigrazione (Museum of the Sea, Maritime Activities and Traditions and Emigration), run by a local association, located in the centre of the village. In its display cases, amidst the seafaring tools and old photos of migrants with cardboard suitcases, is the historical memory of a community that had to leave the island to go and work in various countries around the world, and which is trying to protect its identity. Above the village, along the path leading up the mountain, you will find a small archaeological site, known as the Roman houses, with the remains of a building from the late Republican period. After defeating the Carthaginians in the First Punic War with the Battle of the Egadi Islands (241 B.C.), Rome made Marettimo a military stronghold and installed a garrison on the island, so it is not surprising to find Roman artifacts on this strip of land, however remote. Next to the Roman houses is a tiny Byzantine chapel dating back to the 11th century. The 400 caves of Marettimo From the harbour, you can board a boat to tour the caves of Marettimo, which are one of the highlights of the island. There are about 400 of them in total, all different in shape, colour, size and characteristics. In the Camel Cave there is a small pebble beach, the Nativity Cave has stalactites and stalagmites, the Bombard Cave is so called because of the hissing sound created inside it during sea storms, etc. Depending on where the wind is blowing, Marettimo always has a sheltered slope where one can enjoy the sea and the air that is scented with thyme. On the hiking trails overlooking the sea Bring your hiking boots if you are going to Marettimo: there are several paths on the island that are well-marked by the forestry service, that allow you to discover the unspoilt nature of the area. There are at least six routes, some very easy, others a little more challenging, which, from the port, allow you to reach the most extreme points of the island. Punta Troia, on the peninsula that can be seen from the port, can be reached in an hour and a half via a path that has stretches overhanging the sea. There, you can visit the Spanish fort, which was later used as a hard prison, and was recently restored and opened for visits. The next day you may wish to go to Cala Bianca, on the western side: on the way back you can pass by Pizzo Falcone, at 686 meters, the highest point on the island. Amidst forests of Aleppo pines, the typical types of Mediterranean scrub and many endemic species, you will see how many birds, even birds of prey, have chosen to make their nests in Marettimo.
Sea
Spiaggia della Tonnara

Scopello

Scopello and the Zingaro Nature Reserve, Sicily as it once was Scopello is a beautiful coastal village with an ancient history. It stands in front of a handful of stacks that emerge from the water and form a natural amphitheatre of reddish rocks that intensify the blue of the sea. Since at least the 13th century, there has been a tonnara (tuna fishery) concealed in the rock here, which was in operation until the 1980s. Today it is one of the most fascinating places in Sicily, the gateway to a protected area of great naturalistic value, the Zingaro Nature Reserve. The mythical city of Cetaria Like all places of great beauty, Scopello is associated with a myth: the city of Cetaria is said to have sprung up here, so called because of the abundance of fish in its waters (from the Greek word cetos, meaning sea animals such as cetaceans). What is certain is that the place has been inhabited since ancient times, when a population from Asia Minor settled on these shores after the Trojan War; the same people who probably also founded the city of Erice. The Scopello we see today dates back to the 17th century, when the Bourbon kings used the area as a hunting reserve. For centuries dedicated to heavy tuna fishing, in the last 40 years Scopello has now become a paradise for those who love the sea, thanks to its seabed rich in anemones, madrepores and gorgonians where you can dive and swim among amberjacks and tuna, shipwrecks and submerged archaeological finds. The Scopello tuna fishery Nestled between scenic stacks and a rock face, the Tonnara di Scopello is a truly enchanting place. Its construction dates back to the 13th century, when it was just a small, well-concealed building set against the rock. It was expanded in the second half of the 15th century, first by the San Clemente family from Trapani, then by the Society of Jesus, which also built the small church, and finally by the Florio family at the end of the 19th century. Tuna caught along the coast were processed and stored in the complex. Operations ceased with the last slaughter in 1984, and since then the tuna fishery has only been used for marine biology research work. Today, the Tonnara complex is accessible for a fee for visits, including guided tours, which allow visitors to retrace the history of tuna fishing and enjoy the Faraglioni beach. There is a diving centre in the complex, which also offers dinghy excursions along the coast. Scopello's beaches In addition to the Faraglioni beach, there are several beaches and coves on the Scopello coast where you can spend a day by the sea. Guidaloca beach is a large sandy inlet with easy access to the sea, well sheltered from the wind, where the sea is always calm. Here you will find a parking area and a bar, and part of the beach is equipped with deckchairs and parasols. Those who prefer deeper waters where they can snorkel may opt for Cala Bianca, a rocky and wild stretch of coastline, without beach facilities, that can only be reached on foot along a 700-metre path, or by boat from Castellammare. Close to the Zingaro Nature Reserve is Cala Mazzo di Sciacca, with very clear waters rich in sea life, ideal for snorkelling and diving. It can be reached by car and there is only a small bar. The Zingaro Nature Reserve, an environmental victory The Zingaro Nature Reserve stretches along the coast between Scopello and San Vito lo Capo in a series of sheer cliffs interspersed with coves that make it possible to reach the sea. It is one of the rare stretches of Sicilian coastline without a seafront: a road construction site was laid in 1976, but blocked due to protests by environmentalist committees that led to a full-scale march against the work, and in favour of safeguarding the territory, in 1980. The following year, the protected area was established. Today, the Reserve can be explored along three paths, formerly mule tracks, which are about 7 kilometres in total. There is a coastal one, which provides access to charming pebble beaches and the prehistoric Uzzo cave; a mid-coast path to visit Borgo Cusenza, a nucleus of farmers' houses, and the petrified forest; and a high path, which is more challenging and very scenic. Inland, there are three museums (one naturalistic, one dedicated to the sea, one to the peasant civilisation) and an environmental education centre, two equipped areas and some rural buildings in contrada Sughero used for bivouacs, which are only allowed from October to May by making a request to the Reserve management. In the highest part, there are woods of Aleppo pines and holm oaks alternating with Mediterranean maquis that is regaining possession of an area that was cultivated for centuries, and that today, thanks to conservation, is once again a treasure trove of biodiversity.
Islands
Lipari - Isole Eolie, Sicilia

Lipari

Lipari the sweet, the most placid of the Aeolian Islands At 37 square kilometres, Lipari is the largest of the Aeolian Islands, a World Heritage Site for anyone who has passed through here and, since 2000, for UNESCO as well. The administrative and economic centre of the entire Sicilian archipelago, it is the least “volcanic” of its 7 islands, as evidenced by the weak hydrothermal and fumarole activity in its western part. Take note, however, it is the one that best harmonises the wild Aeolian charm with the convenience of connections and services. The evening nightlife and the flow authenticity of the quarters The urban area stretches between the bars and restaurants overlooking the beautiful Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, also known as Marina Corta, and Via Francesco Crispi, known as Marina Lunga: in between, from May to October, the local nightlife and movida is focused in the evenings. The rest of the island is well-connected to the centre by a network of paved roads, but if you really want to get into its flow of scents, sounds and sights and savour some of that placid sweetness alluded to by its Greek name, Meligunis, we recommend that you go around Lipari by bike or walk around the island, loitering among the dry stone walls of its districts: Canneto, Acquacalda, Quattropani. Like on a film set As well as beach life, if you are planning to delve into the culture and history of Lipari, the advice is to visit sights and monuments by sunset, when the air is cooler and the streets come alive. A must-see is the Chiostro de normanni, part of the first Benedictine monastery built in Sicily at the behest of King Roger II, so well preserved and evocative that you will feel as if you are on the set of a costume film. Equally scenic is the imposing structure of the castle, a veritable acropolis, which stands on a promontory inhabited since the Neolithic period. The city walls ideally enclose the historic centre: in the fortified citadel, an archaeologist's paradise, every nook and cranny in which you stand tells a page of history: it will be like retracing the long list of dominations that have taken place here, leaving an indelible imprint. To explore further, venture through the fifty rooms of the Regional Archaeological Museum, one of the most prestigious in the Mediterranean. Bartholomew's thumb On the other hand, if you are a fan of relics, make a stop inside the Castle at the Cathedral, dedicated to St Bartholomew, the patron saint of the entire archipelago: the church still houses the saint's “sacred thumb”, the only fragment that mysteriously escaped the 833 abduction of the apostle's body by the Beneventois. Now the finger “rests” in a silver reliquary in the shape of a blessing arm, displayed during festivities in honour of the saint. Belvedere hunting For collectors of views, we recommend feasting your eyes on Lipari's most scenic spots, starting from the Acropolis promontory. Worth a souvenir photo, and perhaps even a romantic selfie between sky and sea, the horizon contemplated from Belvedere Quattrocchi, against the backdrop of the Pietra Lunga and Pietra Menalda stacks. Instead, the view from the church of Madonna della Catena in the hamlet of Quattropani, a small, white-plastered Doric-style sanctuary overhanging the sea, is reminiscent of the Cyclades. Finally, the so-called “Semaforo”, the geophysical observatory housed inside a disused Royal Navy traffic light, is worth a hike, from which you will feel as if you are touching both the stacks and the island of Vulcano with your finger. In the mood for trekking... or rather scekking On the other hand, if you pursue the wild soul of the island, one of the most interesting trekking trails is the rather demanding one that leads from the kaolin quarries to the San Calogero thermal baths, along the sulphur fumaroles, a geo-mineral park, up to the 19th-century thermal baths converted into a museum, built on one of the oldest known thermal springs: next to its pools, dating from the Hellenistic period, is a funeral monument of Mycenaean origin. But the most typical experience you can have along these paths is that of scekking, or trekking on the back of a donkey, scecco in Sicilian, proposed by the environmental guides of Lipari: an original way of redeveloping the island's former tenants for tourism, now promoted as guides for slow itineraries, divided into appetising stages where local products can be tasted. Beaches: to each his own stone White and sandy or volcanic and rocky: the coasts and beaches of Lipari satisfy the needs of every bather. You just have to decide which stone to lie on. The entire north-eastern coastline is covered with the dazzling white sand from the pumice and obsidian quarries that descend to the sea: from White Beach, reached by a steep flight of majolica steps, to White Beach, the most fashionable and exclusive establishment, which can only be reached by sea. If you prefer empty and secluded shores, head to the beaches at Pietraliscia or Porticello, or to the Secca della Forbice, in the Cappero area, much loved by the locals.
Sea
San Vito Lo Capo

San Vito Lo Capo

San Vito Lo Capo: the Sicilian Tropic On the north-western tip of Sicily, San Vito Lo Capo, with its three-kilometres beach of very light-coloured sand, ends where the Monte Monaco massif rises. Here, one of the island's most beautiful, protected areas, the Zingaro Nature Reserve, begins. Nature could not have been more generous to a place that retains important signs of its past where Arab and European cultures met and merged, continuing to do so today. Among ancient sanctuaries, wrecks and the remains of old tuna nets Almost an island within an island, San Vito Lo Capo lies on the green promontory enclosed by the imposing Mount Monaco to the east and Mount Cofano to the west. Visible in the middle of the countryside thanks to the small temple of Santa Crescenza, a place linked to the devotion of St Vitus. The Fortress Sanctuary, which dates back to the 5th century, is located closer to the sea: it is a fortified church that looks more like a bastion because the threat of the Saracens lasted for quite a while. Also worth a visit is the Tonnara del Secco, active until 1969, located along the path leading to the Zingaro Nature Reserve, behind Mount Monaco, 3 km from the centre: on the seabed in front of the tuna fishery, the wreck of the freighter Kent that sank in 1978, called the ship of the Korans because it is said to have carried holy books. On the west coast, towards Macari and Mount Cofano, dotted with numerous towers (Scieri, Mpisu and Isulidda), for swimming in the afternoon, then enjoy the sunset in the sea. There are no sandy beaches, but the descent to the sea between the rocks is quite easy. In the countryside, you can walk a long way towards Castelluzzo, among cultivated fields and olive groves. The Cous Cous Fest One of the most popular events in San Vito lo Capo is the Cous Cous Fest, celebrating the dish of Maghreb origin made from durum wheat semolina, also popular on the Trapani coast. A festival that went from being a culinary event to a moment of cultural integration celebrating the coexistence and diversity of peoples. Held in the last week of September since the late 1990s, it is a challenge for chefs from all over the world to prepare the best couscous. The side dish is a rich calendar of shows, cultural events, concerts alternating with tastings and visits to the area. Don’t miss the Couscuola, the couscous school, a thirty-minute lesson to return home with the rudiments to prepare this tasty dish that brings the two shores of the Mediterranean together. Mount Cofano reserve Unmistakable is the silhouette of Mount Cofano, in the territory of Custonaci, an area protected since 1997 by the nature reserve of the same name. The mountain is a steep-sided dolomite massif that was formed by the uplift of marine limestone deposits during the Triassic period. The ascent to the mountain is quite challenging, as its morphology suggests, but there is a very nice and easy path that goes all around the mountain, overlooking the sea. The Reserve's caves are interesting, with traces of prehistoric settlements, such as the Mangiapane cave in the Scurati locality, an 80-metre-high cavern, at the entrance of which are dwellings that were used until a few decades ago: one of Sicily's most evocative living nativity scenes is set here at Christmas. Also of interest are the 16th-century towers commissioned by the Spanish kings: from the San Giovanni tower you can see the panorama of the Egadi Islands, and the star-shaped one at the Tonnara di Cofano.
Islands
Stromboli - Isole Eolie, Sicilia

Stromboli

Stromboli: a trip to the foot of the volcano for complete relaxation The island of Stromboli is the most northerly island of the Aeolian archipelago and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, between Panarea and the Calabrian coast. If you’re planning a holiday to this enchanting destination, you will not miss the imposing volcano Mount Stromboli, one of the most active and perhaps unique volcanoes in the world with its three perpetually erupting craters. Walking on the giant's “skin” The locals have nicknamed the volcano Iddu, Sicilian for “he”, because of its small explosive flashes, repeated at intervals of about 15-20 minutes, and because of its perpetual grumbling and the periodic minor eruptions. Mount Stromboli is a volcano that commands a respectful awe from all who visit: with two-thirds submerged under the surface of the sea, over time humans have built settlements and communities on its back, for millennia we have continued to tread on its sensitive skin, almost teasing it a little. Disconnecting by reconnecting with nature The island is divided into towns, almost all clustered on the north-eastern side, where you will also find the main beaches: Scari, Piscità, San Vincenzo, Ficogrande and the town of Stromboli. On the opposite side, isolated and reachable only by sea, is Ginostra, a picturesque amphitheatre of huts perched on the rock: once a humble fishing village, it is now a unique and rather spartan tourist destination. Before planning a holiday in Stromboli, the first thing to remember is that only residents can drive motorised vehicles and there is no public transport. However, not to worry – it only takes twenty minutes to walk from one end of the town to the other! What’s more, there are several electric taxis that, at modest prices, will take you to your destination along the only kilometre of paved road. Rather than being an inconvenience, the scarcity of vehicles on the road will give you the pleasant feeling of truly being away from it all on holiday. A pitch black night, to count the stars The other thing to note is that there is no public lighting on the island, so we recommend always carrying a torch when you go out at night. The almost total darkness of the night gives an extraordinary brilliance to the canopy of stars twinkling above Stromboli, sure to delight stargazers everywhere and certainly the most romantic visitors. The island also lacks its own source of drinking water, which is transported there by tanker once a week in winter and three times a week in summer. The evening is the best part of the day! At sunset, while visitors in all the seaside resorts enjoy an aperitif, it is the ideal time to experience some of the main excursions. If you are properly equipped, in good health and accompanied by an authorised guide, you can trek up the back of the volcano to the summit, at an altitude of 900 metres, and admire the explosive activity of the craters – from a safe distance! Remember that things can change very quickly at Stromboli: sometimes, due to the conditions of the volcano, groups cannot depart or are forced to stop halfway. Also at dusk, you can head by boat from Scari to Sciara del Fuoco, the steep slope formed by lava, incandescent volcanic slag and lapilli that descends from the crater of Stromboli down into the sea. From the water, you can enjoy spectacular views of this river of fire flowing down the mountain. The black beaches of the Stromboli coastline Summer days should undoubtedly be devoted to enjoying the sea. Much of Stromboli's coastline is marked by high cliffs. The main beaches, almost all with shimmering black sand, are located along the stretch of coast from Ficogrande to La Petrazza. We recommend avoiding light-coloured swimwear. Pleased to meet you, Strombolicchio! A ten-minute walk from the hydrofoil landing takes you to Ficogrande beach, a cove bathed in sand and volcanic rock. Forgia Vecchia, however, wins the award for the most beautiful beach on the island. This rather wild expanse of black pebbles, smoothed by the water and wind, can be reached by land via a path from the nearby beach of Scari, below San Vincenzo, a town overlooking the iconic Strombolicchio. Legend has it that this volcanic sea stack, Iddu's younger brother, is the top of a volcano that was thrown into the sea during an eruption. A few years ago, it was designated a protected nature park: the lighthouse that towers above it, once gas-powered, is now 100% self-sufficient thanks to renewable energy.
Nature
Gallinara Island

Gallinara Island

In Liguria, the wonder of the Gallinara Island Nature Reserve Ladies and Gentlemen, the Gallinara Island Nature Reserve. A protected marine area that on maps is just a dot: yet, on what is Liguria's only true island, wonder is in every corner. One only has to look around to see a still unspoilt environment of incredible historical, environmental and cultural value. For diving enthusiasts, then, this is a true paradise where they can look for the wrecks of ancient shipwrecks and caves guarding an incredible biodiversity. A boat trip to see it up close Located opposite Albenga, this jewel of the Riviera di Ponente is private and, therefore, tourist visits are not possible. However, it can be admired from close range by taking a boat trip, during which you can perhaps explore the seabed by snorkelling: you will come face to face with the rich and varied marine fauna. The reserve is one and a half kilometres away from the coast, from which it is separated by a channel of about 12 metres. A legend that may be history Legend has it that St Martin, Bishop of Tours, found refuge on the island of Gallinara. He settled in a cave facing the open sea, which for this reason still bears his name. This was a thesis that the Authority for Archaeological Heritage of Liguria advocated in the 1990s, conducting excavations along the south-eastern slopes of the island and in the San Martino cave that yielded important answers. This area was certainly used both as a burial ground and as a place of worship from the 4th century AD onwards, and hermits stayed on the island for a long time. History suggests that a Benedictine monastery existed here in 500 AD and during the 8th century, the monks made it the seat of a powerful abbey. After a period of prosperity between the 10th and 12th centuries, decline began in 1473 and from the mid-1800s it became a private area. It has been part of the Protected Areas system of the Liguria Region since 1989. Herring gulls and land tortoises On the Island of Gallinara, herring gulls nest, especially on the high southern cliffs, and there are colonies of land tortoises. Among the seabed, however, it is possible to see yellow sponges, sea daisies and, among the rocky cliffs, formations of the Coralligeno. The northern part of the island is rich in Posidonia oceanica. Where to experience the most spectacular dives There are two diving spots on the island. The first is Punta Falconara or Christ the Redeemer: a second name that has existed since 1998, when a statue depicting a Christ was placed on these seabeds. Amidst sea daisies and benthic fauna, it is an easy dive to a maximum depth of 18 metres. The second dive site is Punta Sciusciau: more exposed to currents, this dive will allow you to admire groupers, moray eels, octopus and scorpion fish. If you go deeper, around 30 metres, you will instead find numerous sea sponges.
Sea
Tonnara Beach

Tonnara Beach

Tonnara Beach, the pearl of the Vendicari Reserve Tonnara Beach is a haven of unspoilt nature set on the edge of Mediterranean scrubland overlooking a spectacular coastline. It is part of the Vendicari Reserve, a protected area in eastern Sicily that offers visitors a wealth of splendid panoramic views. The footpaths through the reserve end at dreamlike beaches lapped by crystal-clear waters. Perhaps the most stunning of all is the Tonnara beach. Shimmering sea A highlight of the reserve's 13 km of coastline is Tonnara Beach,a long stretch of sandy coastline with a scenic rocky backdrop. The seabed is shallow with a gentle slope, so you will have to paddle out a short distance before you reach diving depth. The sea water changes colour from green to turquoise, including every possible shade of blue. Another stunning feature of this beach is the rich marine life: there are huge meadows of Neptune gras and aquatic plants you can find on the beach itself or in the shallows. The tradition of tuna traps Opposite the beach is the islet of Vendicari, and further up the coast is the Swabian Tower where you can see the old "tonnare" or "tuna trap" once used by the local fishermen. Sicily has an ancient tradition of catching and processing tuna, hence these fascinating remains. The tuna trap at Tonnara Beach, also known as the "Bafutu", was recently restored and can still be seen today at the water's edge. It is 100 metres long with a series of pillars that once supported the roof. It also has a high chimney. Nearby you can also see the old fishermen's cottages. The Swabian Toweris a defensive structure erected in 1400 to protect the food stores at what was once a flourishing port. The imposing building still has the original windows. Beaches and nature trails Exploring the Vendicari Nature Reserve on foot or by bike is simply a delight. The protected area covers 1512 hectares of the province of Syracuse, from the town of Noto as far as Pachino. There are several other beautiful beaches, including the stunning San Lorenzo, great for children and located very close to the Tonnara, of which it is the natural continuation. In addition to the stretch of fine clear sand, you'll also find small rocky inlets and a real gem of a beach, the Calamosche, an idyllic sandy cove bordered by two rocky headlands offering shelter from currents and creating an enchanting natural swimming pool. Along the path that leads to the beach of San Lorenzo, for lovers of birdwatching, there are special sighting huts. The walk takes you past junipers, tamarisks, mastic trees, willows, wonderful orchids, thyme and rosemary plants. Eyes to the sky to spot the herons and large flocks of royal seagulls, while in the undergrowth you might spot the occasional fox, hedgehog, porcupine or wild rabbit. And even further south... Towards the extreme southern tip of Sicily, the Island of Correnti is the point where the Ionian Sea meets the Mediterranean. Rugged and unspoilt, it is connected to Portopalo by a thin strip of stone. Then head to the resort of Marzamemi, a charming seaside village built around its majestic tuna trap. The little village has a delightful main square, Piazza Regina Margherita with two churches and a cluster of old fishermen's cottages. Stroll through the centre at your leisure: the whole village is pedestrianised and cars are prohibited. Sip your coffee overlooking the sea, in the bars facing thetwo natural harbours, La Fossa and La Balata. Or you can sit outdoors at one of the many restaurants and order the prawns of Mazara del Vallo, pasta with Pachino tomatoes or local specialities based on yellowfin or bluefin tuna and bottarga tuna, which you can also buy from the large delicatessen in the village centre.
Villages
Isola del Giglio

Isola del Giglio

A natural spectacle in the waters of the Tuscan Archipelago A true paradise for tourists in all seasons: on Isola del Giglio, in the Tuscan Archipelago, you will find the perfect balance between nature and history, relaxation and adventure. Despite its compact size, the island has plenty to offer visitors. You’re sure to be tempted by its coves and sheer cliffs, from which you can dive into the crystal-clear waters. Its wild coastline is perfect for adventurous excursions. You can take the path leading to the Capel Rosso lighthouse, which offers breath-taking views of the surrounding landscape and Monte Argentario in the distance. Equally stunning is the promenade that starts at Cannelle beach, passes a promontory and arrives in Caldane. The most beautiful lidos include Arenella, with its rocky seabed perfect for snorkelling. To fully appreciate the natural beauty of Giglio, we recommend hiring a small boat and stopping for a dip at the Cala dell’Allume and Cala del Corvo beaches. But Isola del Giglio offers more than just beaches. Giglio Castello, listed among Italy’s most beautiful villages, is home to several artistic-architectural jewels. Don’t miss the Church of San Pietro and the Rocca Aldobrandesca castle, which offers unique views of the entire island from its walls. Not forgetting Giglio Porto, where you can stroll through the alleyways and admire the Saracen Tower that stands at the heart of this traditional fishing village.
Nature
Gargano National Park

Gargano National Park

There are many ways to experience the beauty of the Gargano National Park, which encapsulates the very essence of nature and its relationship with humans. There is something almost sacred about this place, which you will sense as you walk through the forests, surrounded by tall trees and breathing in the sea air. This is a place for every season and every preference. Here you can visit historic villages, rural abbeys and churches, explore the rocks and hills, admire the landscape and fabulous sunsets, or dive into the cobalt blue waters of the coastal caves. The park is accessible to pedestrians, horses, bicycles, motorbikes and off-road vehicles. There are several visitor centres, at Monte Sant'Arcangelo, San Marco in Lamis, San Nicandro Garganico, Manfredonia and Lesina, and one of them should be your first port of call if you want more information about the natural environment, hiking trails, mountain bike rentals or details of guided tours. The Park was established in 1995, in an area of 121,000 hectares covering much of the coastline, the top of the headland and the Umbra Forest, as well as the Maritime Reserve of the Tremiti Islands archipelago. The craggy coast is distinctive with its white limestone rock and the forests are populated by beech, yew and holm oak, some of them reaching monumental heights and proportions. The undergrowth is inhabited by foxes, wild boar, wolves and roe deer. The inland area is a nesting site for many birds of prey, while 80 varieties of orchid add splashes of colour to the brown earth.
Islands
isola di san domino

San Dòmino Island

The Queen of the Tremiti Islands San Domino is the largest and most renowned island of the Tremiti archipelago, and the most beautiful from a naturalistic point of view. Covered in Mediterranean scrub, which has earned it the nickname “Garden of Paradise” since ancient times, it is also home to a lush forest of Aleppo Pines. As on all the Tremiti Islands, cars are not allowed on San Domino and nor are motorbikes. The only vehicles are service vehicles and taxis. You can travel on foot or by bike along the many marked paths throughout the island. Sea excursions are an unmissable treat: it is easy to hire a boat or join one of the many organised tours. A must-see site in the Toppa area, opposite the island of San Nicola, is the Achaean Warrior, a bronze statue depicting a guardian armed with a spear and shield, a symbol of protection. Created by Michele Circiello, this artwork was donated by a distinguished visitor: Lucio Dalla, who was inspired to write several songs here. Then there is Belvedere square, bustling with restaurants, hotels and clubs, and Sandro Pertini square, where a contemporary sundial, with its circles, indicates solar noon. San Domino has only one sandy beach, Cala delle Arene, located behind the harbour, easily accessible and well equipped, as well as numerous rocky coves: don’t miss the Zio Cesare point at the southern end. But the best way to experience the island is undoubtedly from the sea: unmissable sites include the Bue Marino, Viole, Rondinelle and Coccodrillo caves, fascinating rock formations such as the Scoglio dell’Elefante cliff, and the beautiful Pagliai sea stacks. There’s something for everyone.
Villages
Tremiti Islands

Tremiti Islands

An enchanting oasis off the Gargano Peninsula The Tremiti Islands, also known as the Diomedee Islands, are a small corner of paradise in the province of Foggia. The only Italian archipelago in the Adriatic Sea, it is about 12 miles off the Gargano Peninsula in northern Apulia and comprises five islands: San Domino, San Nicola, Capraia, Cretaccio and Pianosa. The Tremiti Islands Marine Protected Area is a nature reserve with clean air and wild nature. Here, the sea is clear and clean, with shades that range from light green to blue to turquoise. Featuring bays that alternate with headlands, the archipelago also has low and sandy beaches, high and rocky beaches with cliffs, small inlets and romantic coves. If you enjoy walking among Mediterranean scrub, you can take the numerous equipped trails through the lush forest, a riot of myrtle, rosemary, phillyrea, lentisk and juniper. For visitors who love diving, we highly recommend visiting the Grotta delle Viole (Cave of Violets), near the Pagliai sea stacks. You will quickly realise that it owes its name to the many varieties of fragrant violets that grow on its rocks, as well as the fish and molluscs that swim in its depths and take on a purple hue, thanks to the play of light from the sun’s rays that pierce through the slits. For snorkelling enthusiasts, there are over twenty underwater trails to explore. Remember that no cars, other than those belonging to residents, are allowed on the islands of the Tremiti archipelago.
Islands
Ischia

Ischia

Ischia: a paradise of dream beaches, nature and spas Remember Suddenly Paradise, Leonardo Pieraccioni's film shot almost exclusively in Ischia? Mind you, the title is by no means coincidental, and as soon as you set foot on this island of otherworldly beauty you’ll understand why. This is well known by the more than six million visitors who visit this island in the Tyrrhenian Sea every year. As the largest in Campania, they are attracted by this vast and morphologically varied territory: Ischia Ponte, a charming historic centre of narrow streets, alleys and old shops, and Ischia Porto, a small fishing village. Located at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples, and not far from the islands of Procida and Vivara, Ischia is the largest of the Phlegraean Islands. Fine sand and crystal-clear water If you’re looking for a large, comfortable beach, head for Chiaia in Forio di Ischia. If you’re looking for a dream beach with fine golden sand and crystal-clear green water, you should definitely choose San Montano Bay, a mecca for Instagrammers! The Bay of Sorgeto is also worth a visit, where you can bathe in a real hot thermal water spring that mixes with sea water. You’ll have to go down (and then up) 234 steps to reach it, but we assure you that it’s worth it. Thermal waters for care and pampering Ischia has been famous since Greek and Roman times for the therapeutic properties of its thermal springs. Try the Nitrodi spring, whose water is potable and has certified healing powers to treat gastritis and ulcers, as well as to facilitate urination. Applied to the body, it cures skin impurities and also has a healing effect. This is not the only place to pamper and treat yourself: you can choose from the many thermal parks, from Poseidon to the Gardens of Aphrodite, from Terme di Castiglione to Bagnitiello via the unmissable Casamicciola Terme. Plunge into history If you want to immerse yourself in the island's history, you should definitely visit the Aragonese Castle, built in 474 BC by the Greeks and connected to the island by the striking ancient bridge. The Torrione di Forio is also worth seeing, a strategic point from which sightings were made to anticipate invasions in times of war. Next door is the white, cliff-top Church of Soccorso, also known as Santa Maria della Neve. From this point at sunset, you can witness a very rare phenomenon: the green ray. It is an optical effect due to the refraction of light at sunset. Legend has it that whoever sees it will have good luck for life. If you also have time to pass through Borgo di Sant'Angelo, you’ll be enchanted by its colourful houses and enjoy dining at restaurants with outdoor tables and shopping in the many souvenir shops. Paradise for those who love trekking There are dozens of trails, from the simplest to those for experts to explore the wonders of the island, but three are absolutely unmissable: the Pietra dell'Acqua Trail, which passes by Monte Epomeo; Piano Liguori, which reaches the vantage point of La Scarrupata; and Pizzi Bianchi, along a canyon of white tuff pinnacles.
Art and culture
Hypogeum of Piazza Duomo| Siracusa

Hypogeum of Piazza Duomo| Siracusa

The Piazza Duomo Hypogeum is an underground tour linking the Piazza del Duomo east-west to the Marina walls. It consists of a main gallery with other secondary galleries, one of which leads to the large cistern of the Archbishop's Palace. Bishop Paolo Faraone (1619-1629) oversaw its construction, a fundamental element not only for the water supply of the Archbishop's Palace, but for all of Ortigia. Along the route you will be able to admire the remains of wells and cisterns destroyed during excavation work.The original hub of tunnels is connected to an earlier quarry located in Piazza Duomo, whose stone was used for the façade of the Cathedral and is mentioned in an 18th-century document. In 1869, during the course of public works, an access was found, located "almost opposite the entrance gate of the archiepiscopal palace, but giving a little to the side of the Monastery of S. Lucia".The Second World War brought attention back to the underground chambers of the previous century: following Italy's joining the war, provision was made for gathering points for the civilian population in the event of an attack. Additional spaces were added inside the old quarry in Piazza Duomo, one of which had a room to store the simulacrum of Santa Lucia and the treasure, hidden since December 1942, in zinc boxes. A connection was then made between the cathedral square and the Marina via a north-south side tunnel, joined to the cistern. With the war over, the shelters closed down.The air-raid shelter in Piazza Duomo, which testifies to Ortigia's millenary urban history, constitutes a single complex that brings together contributions from different phases of the city's history, with the cistern as the chronologically oldest element.
Art and culture
Catacombs of San Giovanni

Catacombs of San Giovanni

The burial area of the Vigna Cassia in Syracuse, accessible upon request to the Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology, consists of a community cemetery and five privately owned hypogea, dating back to the 3rd, 4th and 5th centuries.The catacomb develops in topographical fashion according to Roman models, and is divided into three regions, S. Maria di Gesù Maggiore, Marcia and two others, which emerged during the 3rd century, while the last one was inaugurated in the 4th century. The plan of the area can substantiate what has been said: the cemetery of S. Maria di Gesù, on the right, was created by enlarging an earlier aqueduct, on the walls of which loculi (rectangular spaces with the longest side visible) were carved out. This inexpensive and quick solution is appropriate for the pre-Constantine era. The high chronology of this part is also confirmed by the Maggiore cemetery, located in the centre of the plan, and dated to around the middle of the 3rd century, based on a coin minted under Galieno and Claudio II the Gothic. The materials found in this area provide evidence of this dating, highlighting a coexistence of pagan and Christian culture, as Santi Luigi Agnello had already noted in the early 1950s. Furthermore, community cemeteries do not exclude the existence of private areas (cubicola), and in the case of the Vigna Cassia, these are represented by small roundabouts obtained from the reuse of decommissioned cisterns of the city's water supply system.A more orderly arrangement characterises the Marcia cemetery, on the left of the plan, which is closely reminiscent of that of the catacomb of San Giovanni. Its origin dates back to the 4th century, following the Peace of the Church, and it was used until the 5th century, as shown by the traditional chronology of the Marcia painting in an arcosolium in the north-western branch of the cemetery. The ideological pluralism that characterises the original nuclei of the catacomb is even more evident in the hypogea of the stalls above the community cemetery, which were intended to serve individual families or groups, and reveal a more marked living arrangement between pagans and Christians, as the inscriptions indicate. Besides this, in 1997, Hypogeum II was restored by PCAS-Siracusa, allowing the clear images of a Christian figurative cycle to be displayed, which represents one of the most valuable documents of Syracuse's underground heritage. Symbolically, the scenes decorating two arcosoli of the hypogeum depict the salvation and resurrection of the soul, with two moments from the Giona trilogy, Daniel in the lion's den, a portrait of the deceased among praying people, the resurrection of Lazarus and peacocks set in the flowery gardens of the paradisiacal habitat.
Historical sites
La casa delle fate

La casa delle fate

Sardinia of fairies: discovering the Domus de Janas Legend has it that the Janas were small fairies who lived in tiny houses carved into the rock, called Domus de Janas, or fairy houses. Actually, what are known as Fairy Houses were pre-Nuragic tombs dug into the rock more than five thousand years ago by locals with the help of stone picks. In Sardinia, scattered throughout the island, there are around 3,500 of them, an important testimony to the funerary cult of the people of the time. Fairy legends The stories that passing populations have developed over the years about these places are the most varied. Some say that fairies used to spend their time weaving on their magnificent golden looms and watching over the children's sleep. Some say they lavished their riches on those who deserved it, there are those who swear they saw them in person playing or fighting with other fantastic creatures such as elves and goblins. What we do know for sure is that magic really exists in these enchanted places and you can feel it by visiting them and discovering their features. Ceilings and hearths, the architecture of the Domus de Janas Excavated in isolated boulders or grouped in necropolises on rocky ridges, many of the Domus de Janas were built in the likeness of the homes of living people, complete with double-pitched ceilings, hearths, columns and false doors, symbolising the passage to the afterlife. Of the thousands discovered, to date more than 200 preserve carved, engraved and painted decorative motifs within them. From spirals to bovine heads, and even taurine horns. If you are in Sardinia and are fascinated by this history, you will have no trouble getting to the sites where you can visit the most beautiful Domus de Janas. Where are the Domus de Janas located These include Montessu, in the heart of Sulcis, where there are 35 Domus de Janas, which can be spotted observing the walls of the necropolis that stretches out like an amphitheatre. These tombs were skilfully excavated from the 3rd millennium BC onwards, and inside you can see the spiral decorations. Then there is S’Incantu, a few kilometres from Alghero, known as a tomb of painted architecture, developed in several rooms, resembling huts from the Neolithic era. If you are in the north-central part of the island, you must visit Sant'Andrea Priu, where you will be amazed by three necropolis domus of enormous dimensions. Here you will find The Tomb of the Chief which, with its 250 square metres, will leave you speechless. Then there is Sas Concas, in Nuoro’s Barbagia region, with the Tomb of the Hemicycle, a complex structure and many symbolic depictions on the walls, including eleven engravings resembling upside-down men. Finally, there is Anghelu Ruju, between Alghero and Fertilia. It is a real valley in the hinterland of Alghero where there are 38 tombs excavated in sandstone. Interesting fact: The stone picks used to dig them were found inside.
Leisure
Pula adventure park

Pula adventure park

Sardinia: Pula adventure park, swinging through the trees a stone's throw from the sea Overlooking one of Sardinia's most enchanting coastlines, the Costa del Sud, amidst white sand dunes and turquoise sea, a few steps from the Pixinamanna state forest, is the Pula adventure park. Have fun testing yourself on adrenaline-fuelled courses suspended between flying platforms and zip lines, and when you've had your fill of adventure, treat yourself to a dip in the crystal-clear water: just a hundred metres away. Between crystal clear sea and wild hinterland The result of an environmental redevelopment project and immersed in a pine forest of maritime and domestic pines, Pula's adventure park covers an area of around 13,000 square metres, right up to a sand dune beach. After a day spent bounding in the trees like squirrels, hanging from ropes, zip lines, balancing between nets and catwalks, you can cool off in the crystal-clear Sardinian sea or continue your adventure exploring the wilder hinterland. Aerial challenges for young and old Thanks to its special anti-fall devices and safety equipment, which will allow you to move from tree to tree in extreme safety, the 7 aerial courses on offer – three dedicated to children and as many for adults, plus a zip-line course – are designed to correspond to different ages, levels of preparation and challenge. Starting with the baby course, suspended at a height of about 50 centimetres and dedicated to children under 110 centimetres, the height from the ground, the degree of difficulty and the number of obstacles gradually increase, accompanied by an adult. One after the other, the different courses add difficult passages, ladders that engage the hands and legs, thrilling zip lines that almost seem to dive into the sea, pulleys and a unique snowboarding experience. An open-air gym to develop team spirit Pula adventure park also organises immersive experiences in nature specialised in team building and designed especially for companies, with trails at a height of around 15 metres that stimulate psycho-motor activities and coordination and are intended to enhance team spirit and teamwork. By fostering healthy competition and mutual encouragement in the face of fears and unforeseen events, the adventure park trials are designed to increase trust in colleagues, foster communication, stimulate creativity, collaboration and strive for common goals. A unique professional and human experience, a new way of getting to know each other and finding oneself, with emotions guaranteed. Party time! Do you dream of making a proposal to leave everyone speechless? Would you like to organise a surprise party with a high level of excitement? Do you try to distract the bride and groom-to-be from their pre-wedding commitments? In the spectacular location of the Pula adventure park, all customised events are also under the banner of adventure and challenge: by reservation, the park's trails, benches and kiosk service are available for birthday parties, hen and stag parties, class outings or special days, always and everywhere unforgettable. Trip to Nora, the oldest town in Sardinia At sunset, after recovering from your excitement and exertion in the cool waters of the sea, stop off at Nora, overlooking Capo di Pula, one of the most important archaeological sites in Sardinia: an ancient city of Phoenician origin, one of the most important trading centres in the Mediterranean, conquered by the Romans in the 3rd century BC. The site contains ruins dating from different eras: Nuragic, Phoenician, Punic and finally Roman. In the reddish light of the sun setting over the sea, you can wander around the remains of the amphitheatre and the baths from the imperial era, then try to catch a glimpse of the outline of the submerged part of the city, now swallowed up by the depths of the sea, a true paradise for lovers of underwater archaeology.t
Villages
Aci Trezza

Aci Trezza

The fishing village immortalised by Verga Aci Trezza is a place that will forever be connected to the author Giovanni Verga. His book The House by the Medlar Tree immortalised this small fishing village overlooking the Ionian Sea in the province of Catania. According to legend, Aci Trezza was created when the shepherd Aci was killed by the jealous Polyphemus for being the lover of the nymph Galatea, and was then transformed into a river. Greek mythology also inspired the name of the Cyclopean Isles, mighty basalt sea stacks emerging from the sea in its namesake marine protected area. You can admire them aboard small boats piloted by elderly local fishermen. At sunset, their silhouette against the fiery sky makes for a picture-perfect view. Or you can snorkel among the secrets of the seabed. Not forgetting the mysterious and unspoilt Lachea Island: you can canoe or swim the 400 metres separating it from the coast. What was life like in Aci Trezza at the time of The House by the Medlar Tree? Find out at the Casa del Nespolo museum, inside a typical Sicilian house overlooking a vegetable garden. Don’t miss the Baroque-style Church of San Giovanni Battista and the Norman Castle, standing tall above the village. From there, you can watch the Le Vele dei Malavoglia regatta, organised every year. After climbing the steep steps to the castle, you can replenish your energy with a nivi cunzata, the typical Sicilian granita, or the fresh fish available at the fish market.
Leisure
Etnaland

Etnaland

Etnaland: the amusement park in the shadow of the volcano The great Sicilian volcano looks up at that temple of entertainment that has given the island one of its most ambitious projects. Etnaland, for its part, celebrates it in name and probably sees a certain affinity in its ability to hypnotise and amaze. That’s right, because since opening, the park continues to expand its offering, conquering an ever-widening public. Will you come discover it with us? Partly for fun, partly to learn With a total surface area of 280,000 square metres, Etnaland is located in Belpasso, a few kilometres from Catania: inside it a host of attractions for all tastes and ages, including a popular water park, plus an incredible educational area that will capture the attention of your children, starting with the Prehistoric Park and the botanical trail. It was a zoo in the beginning In 1976, this area was home to the La Pergola farm, which belonged to the father of the current park director, Francesco Russello. When a circus went bankrupt in Palermo in the early 1980s, Russello thought of acquiring the animals and creating a first wildlife area that was called The Sicilian Zoo Park, which was later joined by The Park of Prehistory. We were still a long way from creating the largest theme park in the South, but do you know what happened then? When he realised how successful his idea was, he purchased several water park facilities and, in 2001, opened the first version of Etnaland to the public. Investments over time have multiplied and attractions have been added that are not always found in this type of facility, but which are suggestively named. Do Crocodile Rapids, Jungle Splash and Dragon River sound familiar? Take a dip in the Aquapark Since 2012, Etnaland has raced to offer an increasingly adrenalin-fuelled and exciting experience. The Aquapark was completed in its initial design in 2014, although it was officially opened in the year of its grand opening. It includes more than 25 attractions with a total of 8,500 square metres of pools and now also has a record: it has the most attractions and highlights in the whole of Europe. It even surpassed the huge Siam Park in Spain. For children and families Etnaland boasts some thirty attractions for the little ones: if you have children they will go crazy for the colourful rotating hot air balloons Billow Balloon, the Guard and Thieftoy cars and Brave Kart, the Twistarello flying cars and Ciclopina's, freefall tower in mini version. Electric boats Love Lagoonthe carousel Gran Carillon and the Babel tower are attractionsfor the whole family. A glimpse of Etna Don't forget that the park you are visiting, which in summer keeps its gates open even at dusk to prolong the fun under a blanket of stars, is located on the slopes of Etna, the volcano recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A look up to admire the wonder of the Muntagna, as the Catanese say, is a must. But an excursion to its summit craters is also definitely worthwhile.
Museums and monuments
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Punta Maddalena

At the Syracuse Narrative Museum: a virtual journey through time Would you like to be teleported back to 415 BC into the battle between the Spartans and the Athenians? Come to Syracuse, where at Punta Maddalena you can try it at Limen - Museo Narrativo del Porto Grande. Just put on your VR visor and find yourself catapulted into distant eras, taking a virtual journey through the city's historical highlights. The immersive experience continues at sea, on board ancient boats or with an underwater tour of the rich seabed, discovering nature through augmented reality. From the temple of Athena to Admiral Nelson Founded in 734 BC by colonists from Corinth, Syracuse witnessed crucial historical events to which the city bears precious testimony still today. At the Narrative Museum we can discover them all. We witness the Athenian defeat, then the Roman siege with the machines of Archimedes: ingenious instruments of war that the epic says were built by the mathematician and inventor to defend Syracuse. They are gigantic catapults and burning mirrors, huge concave sheets of bronze capable of concentrating the sun's rays and burning Roman ships even at great distances. We are spectators of Admiral Nelson's passage until the landing of the Allies in 1943. History also flows through the archaeological reconstructions and it is possible to see the temple of Athena in all its splendour. At the bottom of the sea: with hi-tech glasses The Museo Narrativo del Porto Grande is located in the former barracks of Punta del Pero, on the Maddalena Peninsula, on a splendid stretch of sea in Syracuse, a city that Cicero described as “the greatest and most beautiful of all Greek cities”. We are in the Plemmirio Marine Protected Area, where several places prohibit water sports and diving to protect the ecosystem. With hyper-technological goggles, one plumbs the depths, including the forbidden ones, in adventurous virtual dives into the clear waters, discovering flora and fauna, as well as marine archaeology. Augmented reality also makes it possible to board ancient ships, from Greek to Catalan. The greatest thrill is felt on a Liburna, a Roman warship. The virtual reality developed by the museum is also aimed at the inclusion of people with disabilities. Multisensory experiences here are for everyone. In children's workshops, virtual walks and biodiversity Many have collaborated on the Porto Grande Narrative Museum, including archaeologists, engineers, historians, cultural heritage experts and naturalists. The latter supervised the creation of children's workshops, also suitable for teenagers and adults. One finds oneself exploring nature in all its aspects, through virtual exploratory walks, nature trails to discover the area and its rich biodiversity. Or you can try your hand at a workshop entirely designed to introduce the history of Porto Grande. Afterwards, diving and canoeing: but for real! The Maddalena Peninsula, where the Museo Narrativo del Porto Grande is located, is a well-known centre for sea-related sports activities, in particular sailing as well as canoeing, SUP and diving. Stay a few more hours after visiting the museum. Outside virtual reality, you can indulge in your favourite aquatic activity. In addition, the easy access to the beach allows everyone to enjoy a moment of leisure: children, experts or beginners, and here too special attention is paid to people with disabilities.
Art and culture
Chiesa Rupestre di San Nicolò Inferiore

Chiesa Rupestre di San Nicolò Inferiore

In 1987, the renowned scholar Duccio Belgiorno discovered the rupestrian church of S. Nicolò Inferiore, a cave used as a clearing house, which three years later was acquired by the Centro Studi sulla Contea di Modica. It is considered the oldest church in Modica: it consists of a single room of about 45 square metres with an apse covered with Byzantine-style icons, where Christ Pantocrator dominates in a central position. In addition, excavation work has brought to light earthen tombs that are still largely unexplored. It is undoubtedly an eloquent and well-preserved example of rock architecture of Byzantine origin, which has left important traces not only in the Hyblean area, but throughout Sicily. The rock church of Lower San Nicolò is located in the lower part of the town, near the bed of a stream. Its construction dates back to the time of a district that had developed outside the city walls, close to the communication routes that connected it with the coast. Due to the collapse, its articulation has been damaged, so that the original depth of the reservoir can no longer be established. It is a single-nave church with a wide apsidal semi-circle, a triumphal arch and a height difference surmounted by two steps. The presence of an iconostasis confirms that this is an Eastern cult church, probably belonging to a small nucleus of Greek origin that participated in the process of Christianisation of the settlement. In 1577, due to a shortage of income, the small church was united with the parish of St Peter. The next phase, after the 1693 earthquake, saw the construction of a new masonry church, known as San Nicolella, which today closes the rock excavation.
Islands
Isola di Montecristo

Isola di Montecristo

The wild island, home of saints and legends Wild, forbidden, legendary. The Isola di Montecristo is the most protected and unspoilt of the entire Tuscan Archipelago – with restricted visitor numbers and all forms of bathing, fishing and sailing prohibited near the coast. This is because several animal species choose the waters surrounding the island as their natural habitat, including the extremely rare Cuvier’s beaked whale. If you are lucky, you may even spot whales and dolphins. On a visit to the island’s hinterland, make sure you wear comfortable clothing and shoes: the trails are quite challenging and there are no services of any kind. The entire island is dominated by silence and unspoilt nature. The only traces of humanity are the remains of the Monastery of San Mamiliano and the votive offerings found in the Grotta del Santo. Visiting the Isola di Montecristo is like stepping outside of the passage of time, in a place that inspired myths and legends. These include Saint Mamilian’s who was taken prisoner and sold as a slave in the 5th century, and is said to have escaped on a pirate ship. After converting them to Christianity, he arrived on Oglasa, the former name of Montecristo, where he defeated the dragon that was terrorising the local inhabitants. The saint spent the rest of his existence in a cave where, later, some monks hid a treasure in an attempt to protect it from Dragut the Corsair. The treasure features in Alexandre Dumas’ novel The Count of Monte Cristo, which made the island famous throughout the world.
Art and culture
The Magione Convent

The Magione Convent

The Church of the Holy Trinity, with the adjoining Cistercian Abbey, was founded in 1191 by Matteo Ajello, Chancellor of the Norman Kingdom. In 1197 it was handed over to the Order of the Teutonic Knights, becoming its headquarters, known as the Mansio. This is the last building built by the Normans in Palermo, combining a geometric structure of Fatimite derivation, visible in the external wall face and façade, with a distribution of interior spaces of Nordic origin. Among the works of art that can be admired inside the church are two 16th-century holy water basins on either side of the entrance, the tomb of Francesco Perdicaro (who died in 1576) by Vincenzo Gagini, a Virgin and Child and a Christ Blessing from the 16th century, both from the workshop of Gagini, a tabernacle from 1528 and a Madonna painted on slate, a late Gothic marble triptych with a Madonna and Child and Santa Caterina in the centre, and a Pietà by Campini from 1953, which was placed at the entrance in place of a sculpture by Vincenzo Gagini, destroyed by bombing during the Second World War. The floor of the church also contains tombs of Teutonic Knights from the 15th century, whose cenotaphs are displayed in rooms adjacent to the cloister. The latter, being maimed on the short sides, is located to the west of the church, as the original Cistercian monastery suggests. Through a door to the left of the façade, access can be gained to the Chapel of Santa Cecilia, containing valuable frescoes such as those of the Crucifixion and a red ochre sinopia of the same scene.
Villages
Eraclea Minoa

Eraclea Minoa

Del sito archeologico è soprattutto magnifica la posizione: alla sommità del capo Bianco (75 m), candida falesia di marna calcarea che si protende nel mare digradando a ovest verso la valle del Plàtani, a est recingendo la spiaggia del paese. Frammenti rinvenuti negli strati sottostanti alla necropoli arcaica del VI secolo a.C. farebbero risalire l’origine dell’insediamento al Neolitico, mentre le più antiche monete ritrovate testimoniano la presenza di una colonia fenicia. Nelle prime fonti storiche la città è indicata con tre nomi: Macara, ovvero città di Makar, l’Eracle fenicio; Minoa, fondata secondo la leggenda dal re di Creta Minosse, che avrebbe inseguito Dedalo fin qui; infine Eraclea, colonia spartana a conferma dell’intitolazione del luogo al grande eroe greco. Dopo i fenici e gli spartani, nel V secolo a.C. la città divenne subcolonia di Selinunte e raggiunse l’apice del suo sviluppo in epoca ellenistica. A lungo contesa tra greci e cartaginesi per la sua posizione confinaria, passò di mano più volte finché, nel 210 a.C., fu conquistata dai romani. Nel I secolo a.C. venne definitivamente abbandonata, forse a causa di una frana che trascinò in mare la parte meridionale dell’abitato e delle mura. Le indagini archeologiche iniziate ai primi del Novecento hanno portato alla luce una parte del quartiere residenziale, con tracce, leggibili in due stratificazioni successive, della città arcaica ed ellenistica, il tratto settentrionale della cinta muraria, con resti di torri e di porte, e il bel teatro col proscenio aperto verso il mare (in parte nascosto da una struttura protettiva). Nell’Antiquarium all’ingresso della zona archeologica è esposto il materiale proveniente dalle abitazioni e dalle necropoli arcaica (fine VI secolo a.C.) ed ellenistica (fine IV secolo a.C.). Il paese, più in basso, ospita strutture turistiche e ricettive (tra cui un campeggio) all’ombra – rara in questa parte di Sicilia – di un bosco di eucalipti. La spiaggia (in ricostituzione dopo i danni provocati dal mare) si allunga ad anfiteatro fino alla parete di roccia di capo Bianco; poco prima del capo, i fanghi che si staccano dalla roccia invitano i bagnanti a trattamenti cosmetici en plein air.
Villages
Acireale

Acireale

The city of a hundred bell towers and the Carnival Acireale is famous for its Carnival, considered the most beautiful in Sicily and among the best in Italy, but it has plenty more to offer besides. In this city in the province of Catania, at the foot of Mount Etna, life revolves around its splendid Baroque historic centre, partly rebuilt after being destroyed in the 1963 earthquake. Don’t miss the Church of San Sebastiano, considered to be the most beautiful in the city. The façade is typically Baroque, while inside it is decorated with beautiful frescoes by Paolo Vasta. The cathedral, with two identical bell towers either side of the façade, is worth visiting. We also recommend exploring the Basilica of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul: its façade, flanked by a high bell tower, is built out of white stone from Syracuse. The true pride of Acireale is its Carnival, which every year attracts thousands of people from Italy and abroad. During this great festival dating back to the 16th century, floats decorated with flowers and allegorical and grotesque figures in papier-mâché parade through the streets, in particular Corso Italia, Corso Savoia, Corso Umberto and Piazza del Duomo, accompanied by music, confetti, flowers, masks and traditional puppets. On Shrove Tuesday, marking the end of Carnival, you can enjoy the floats awards ceremony, fireworks and the burning of the “Re Carnevale” (Carnival King). Flower-laden floats return to parade through Acireale on the last weekend of April for the Carnival of Flowers, while during the Summer Carnival in August, the allegorical floats once again parade through the streets.
Historical sites
Fonte Aretusa

Fonte Aretusa

One of Syracuse's most evocative places, rich in beauty and mystery, is in the heart of the city, overlooking the sea: an ancient freshwater spring – one of many once found on Ortigia – that bears the name of a major figure in ancient myths and whose legendary origin has fascinated poets, writers and travellers of all ages. In the beginning, the water, now brackish because of sea infiltration, flowed pure from the rocks. The semicircular basin, richly verdant with lush papyrus trees and animated by the numerous ducks (pàpiri, in Sicilian), dates back to 1843. Nearby, stands a statue by artist Biagio Poidomani entitled "Alphaeus and Arethusa". Three ancient tanneries, where water was channelled for the treatment of leather from the 18th century, have been uncovered near the spring. We are in the best spot in town to admire the spectacle of the sunset, magnificent and marvellous on this side of Sicily, bringing a warm hue to the houses and buildings by the sea. The Roman poet Ovid dedicated a work to the Greek myth of Alphaeus, son of the god Oceanus and Tetis, who fell in love with Arethusa, a favourite nymph of the goddess Artemis (Diana). To escape him, Arethusa made her way to Ortigia and turned into a spring, but Alphaeus, in turn, turned into a river and reached her by crossing the sea. According to another version of the myth, one day, while Arethusa was bathing in the river Alphaeus in the Peloponnese, the river god fell in love with her and, having assumed human form, pursued her. Summoned by Arethusa, Artemis turned her into a spring; so Alphaeus resumed the appearance of a river and opened up the ground, causing her to sink and to resurface in Syracuse, where, however, the determined Alphaeus also arrived, mixing his waters with those of Arethusa. The myth highlights the links between Syracuse and Greece or, if you like, between the Greek settlers and their homeland.
Art and culture
Neapolis Archeological Park

Neapolis Archeological Park

This archaeological area, one of the largest in the Mediterranean and recognised as a protected oasis, is now restored to its original layout from 1952-55, with the creation of tree-lined areas and repair of the access ways, and includes within its perimeter most of the classical monuments of Greek and Roman Syracuse. It is the symbol of Syracuse's urban expansion at the time of Gelon (5th century BC). For safety reasons, tourists are only allowed access to the Greek Theatre, carved into the rock of the Temenite hill, and to visit a part of the spectacularLatomia del Paradiso, with the famousEar of Dionysus. This provides an opportunity to admire the charm of a place where nature and man have designed scenarios of extraordinary beauty and strong emotional impact. The evocative setting of the Intagliatella and Santa Venera latomie and the Grotticelli necropolis greets visitors as they walk along Via Romagnoli, which borders the park enclosure to the south-east. To the north of the archaeological area is the panoramic viale Rizzo, which winds through the scenic crags of the Temenite hill before opening up to magnificent views of the city and the port. It overlooks the Greek Theatre, the Latomie del Paradiso, Intagliatella and Santa Venera, while running alongside the Grotticelli necropolis to the right, with numerous tombs of various periods and types excavated in the limestone, from the Archaic to the late Roman era. The so-called tomb of Archimedes stands out due to its monumental appearance. According to tradition, this funerary construction, dating back to Roman times, housed the remains of the great mathematician from the 3rd century BC, who is considered one of the greatest scientists in the history of mankind.
Villages
Piazza Armerina

Piazza Armerina

The city's history as an urban settlement began in the 11th century, after the triumphal arrival of Roger d 'Altavilla – in Old French, Jarl Roger de Hauteville – the grand comte who had driven the Saracens out of Sicily. Today, the event is re-enacted in the annual Palio dei Normanni, one of the first events of its kind to originate in southern Italy: the spectacular, medieval-style festivities, with hundreds of costumed figures, are held over three days in mid-August. The historical domination following the Norman era left its mark in the city with the imposing four-sided bulk and massive angular towers of the Aragonese castle, built in the late 14th century. Architectural activity became to increase around three centuries later, with the construction and renovation of churches, monastic complexes and civil buildings: St. Peter's with its precious coffered ceiling, the City Palace with its wrought-iron balconies, St Rocco with its beautiful sculpted portal, and the almost twin churches of St Ignatius and St Anne, with their monumental façades. From the top of the hill, an upland of the Erei Mountains, the Cathedral dominates the entire town. It too is a 17th-century reconstruction, although the Gothic-Catalan structure of the bell tower of the previous church can still be seen. Visit Palazzo Trigona City and Territorial Museum, part of the cultural exhibition system that includes the UNESCO site for which Piazza Armerina is world famous: the nearby Villa Romana del Casale. Curiosity for archaeology should not, however, cancel out that for nature: not far away, to the north, is the Floristella Grottacalda Mining Park.
Villages
Gela

Gela

From Ancient Greece to Liberty buildings Along the southern Tyrrhenian coast of Sicily lies Gela, an ancient Greek polis, possessing the largest port on the island and extending over three prominent hill formations: the one on which the historic city stands, almost completely built up, and those of Montelungo and Manfria. Among the oldest religious architecture in the city, the Church of St Augustine stands out with a single nave established in 1439 with an adjoining convent. It is the oldest building in the historic centre. In fact, the most widespread style is the Liberty style, a star in the design of the city's most important stately homes. From a scenic point of view, we recommend a visit to the Biviere Oriented Nature Reserve, ideal for birdwatching enthusiasts, the marshes ofPiana del Signore, Poggio Arena and the hills that border the Piana di Gela. The surrounding area has many historical, archaeological and cultural sites. The areas that can be visited today are Capo Soprano, which houses the world's best-preserved example of Greek military architecture, the Acropolis and the Bosco Littorio site. In the park, you can also visit two medieval furnaces, the site of a military camp and the ruins of a large residential quarter dating back to the 4th century BC. A short distance from the park, behind the Vittorio Emanuele hospital, you can view the remains of the Hellenistic bath complex, the oldest bath complex discovered in Italy to date.
Villages
Ulassai

Ulassai

Ulassai is a municipality in the heart of Ogliastra, in the province of Nuoro, that rises 700 metres above sea level, among the characteristic rocky massifs of limestone origin called \'Heels of Ogliastra\'. This municipality, with its extensive territory, is very diverse and rich in natural and cultural resources. Nature is very lush; there are caves, waterfalls, forests, lakes, rock faces, etc., a true paradise for trekkers and free climbers. The Lecarci waterfalls, which cascade down smooth walls, and the Lequarci waterfalls, the highest in Sardinia, with an overhang of about 100 metres and which can reach a width of 60 to 70 metres, are very exciting and impressive. Also worth a visit: the Is Lianas and Su Marmuri caves ; the small lakes in the Santa Barbara locality; the Girisai wildlife oasis. In this territory, there are numerous prehistoric testimonies such as the nuraghe s\'Ulimu, the nuraghe Pranu, eight domus de Janas, a dolmen, threeTombs of the Giants and three nuragic villages (the Nuraghedducomplex, the Seroni fortress and the megalithic village of Seddorrulu). One cannot visit Ulassai without getting to know Maria Lai, an important Italian artist of the post-World War II period, who was born and grew up in this municipality: at the Art Station, there is a museum housing over 140 of the most significant works of her artistic production. While visiting these special places, it is impossible to resist the culinary temptations and excellent Cannonau wine. This territory is one of the five blue zones in the world, i.e. areas where life expectancy is highest, in fact, among the inhabitants of this municipality, about 1500, there is a high percentage of centenarians. Ulassai is an ideal destination for those who wish to live in contact with nature and the authenticity of the community living there.
Spirituality
Church of Madonna della Solitudine

Church of Madonna della Solitudine

Built in 1625 at the foot of Monte Ortobene di Nuoro, the Church of the Madonna della Solitudine was originally a simple country shrine located outside of the town, consecrated to the Virgin of Sorrows. A place dear to shepherds and farmers, who gathered here on the occasion of the feasts of the Virgin Mary, it was chosen by Grazia Deledda as the setting for her eponymous last novel in 1936: "The Church of Solitude". Always dear to the people of Nuoro, this church also gained notable literary significance and, in welcoming the remains of the Nobel Prize-winning author, became even more dear to the city. In 1947, eleven years after her death, when Deledda's body was laid to rest in the Verano Cemetery in Rome, the proposal was made to return her remains to the Island once and for all. The church, by then in poor condition, was completely rebuilt for the occasion, preserving the simplicity of the original layout. The simplicity of the place of worship, suitable for the most heartfelt contemplation, is also confirmed in the hut-like façade culminating in the small bell tower, in the wooden roof trusses of the interior vault and in the pure lines of the semicircular apse. Highly original liturgical decor, the work of the artists Gavino Tilocca and Eugenio Tavolara, makes the church a precious and unique jewel. Imposing and alluring, it lies in waits for the arrival of the most devout faithful or simple visitor, who inside the sanctuary find the perfect atmosphere to approach the small black marble sarcophagus in which the mortal remains of Grazia Deledda now lie in rest.
Spirituality
Cathedral of Santa Maria della Neve

Cathedral of Santa Maria della Neve

Built on a hill that the Nuorese call "sa Tanchitta", Santa Maria della Neve is the main religious building in the city and a spiritual reference point for the entire province of Nuoro. Following the elevation of Nuoro to a diocesan see in the nineteenth century, the new cathedral was erected on the site of the old church of Santa Maria Maggiore to accommodate the religious ceremonies required by its new role. However, numerous events slowed down the work, which was brought to completion almost twenty years later. The grandiose building dominates a large square. The façade, distinguished by four monumental granite columns surmounted by Ionic capitals supporting a tympanum, is flanked by two twin bell towers. The building fully reflects the Palladian style so dear to its designer, the friar from Sassari Antonio Cano, who died tragically during the construction work. The interior is covered by a majestic barrel vault with large windows, through which light enters and is diffused, creating chiaroscuro effects. Technically with a single nave, the cathedral seems to consist of three naves due to the communicating arches between the side chapels. Over the course of an entire week, from late July to early August, on theoccasion of religious celebrations that culminate on 5 August, with the popular feast day of Santa Maria della Neve, the cathedral becomes the focus for the celebrations of all the parishes and confraternities of the city and of about ten other towns in the province.
Villages
Muravera

Muravera

On the edge of the Flumendosa alluvial plain, in a fertile area sheltered from the winds and dotted with fishponds, Muravera was populated since antiquity, but over the centuries incursions from the sea and floods caused by the river made it inhospitable. Today, having closed some mines, it lives off agriculture, in particular the cultivation of citrus fruits, celebrated in early spring in a lively festival. In the 1970s, the building boom along the coast made the area touristy, with beautiful beaches and crystal clear sea. In the village are the late-Gothic 16th century parish church of St Nicholas and a small centre with typical low courtyard houses. The Mif-Museo dell'Imprenditoria femminile (Museum of Female Entrepreneurship), a museum system in Muravera, has two venues dedicated to two symbolic women of the country. At 99 Via Marconi, in front of the Church of S. Nicola, the former Carabinieri barracks houses the Women's Museum Francesca Sanna Sulis - centred on the figure of this 18th-century entrepreneur active in the field of silk production, spinning and weaving - and is also the venue for temporary art exhibitions. Not far away, on Via Speranza, an 18th-century courtyard house is now home to the Candelai Museum, which is inspired by Aunt Savina's activity of making votive candles. Particularly eagerly awaited by locals and an attraction for tourists is the Maskaras Summer Carnival, in early August: an opportunity to admire traditional Sardinian costumes and masks from all over the island. At the end of August, on the other hand, the feast of St Augustine takes place, one of the most important in the area: the processions and dances are attended by groups in traditional costume, the traccas, or carts pulled by oxen yokes that have largely disappeared elsewhere, appear, and the masters of the launeddas, the ancient three-reed wind instrument, perform.
Mountain
Valle del Belice

Belice Valley

An enchanting land wounded by the earthquake Belice Valley takes its name from the river that runs through it and it occupies an area between the provinces of Palermo, Trapani and Agrigento. It is home to one of the largest archaeological sites in Europe, the Selinunte Archaeological Park, a marvellous testament to classical Greece and the Doric style. Also nearby are the Cave di Cusa, a tuff deposit from which the stones used to build the majestic temples of Selinunte were extracted. Here you'll find Menfi , with its historic centre full of palaces and towers, and the Belice River Nature Reserve, a protected area extending from the coast to the hinterland, enlivened by dunes and Mediterranean vegetation. Then there is the pretty hamlet of Porto Palo, where you can stroll along the palm-lined promenade and admire the series of coves along Solette Beach. Don't miss the small medieval village of Castelvetrano with its medieval jewels, and the remains of the ancient settlement of Poggioreale, a ghost town that fell victim of the earthquake of 1968. Also visit Burri's Crack, a few kilometres from what remains of Gibellina: a huge contemporary artwork created on the ruins of the town to commemorate its destruction by the earthquake. Those with a sweet tooth will be tempted by a gastronomic tour typical of the Belice Valley, from cassatella, filled with ricotta, chocolate, sugar and cinnamon, eaten freshly baked, to nucatoli, Christmas shortcrust pastries filled with almonds and honey.
Sea
Cala Luna

Cala Luna

Cala Luna, the most spectacular beach in the Mediterranean Here the sea has a thousand different shades, rocky cliffs and reefs, a small lake, enchanting little beaches, and dense Mediterranean scrub. It's a varied setting that makes Cala Luna one of the most beautiful beaches in the entire Mediterranean Sea. It is the jewel of the Gulf of Orosei, on the east coast, on the border between Barbagia and Ogliastra, a true symbol of Sardinia. The nature here is wild, and unspoilt. It will bewitch you. We are on the moon! In the dialect of Nuoro, Luna - meaning Moon - is elune. This is what Cala Luna was called by the shepherds who, in the past, travelled here on foot from the village of Baunei, a journey that took eight hours. In their eyes, it was like going to the moon. Moreover, the cove has the distinctive shape of a crescent moon. We are at the mouth of the Rio Illune, a torrent that over the centuries has carved out a canyon, a gorge along which water flows that in turn feeds a small lake, immediately behind the beach. All around are flowering oleanders and fragrant Mediterranean scrub vegetation. There is also a bar. In this setting is Cala Luna, well protected from the wind: 800 metres of calcareous gravel and sand like talcum powder, carved into the cliffs that encircle the inlet. Five caves provide shade during the hottest part of the day. The place has attracted many film directors, who have chosen this location as their set. Among them, Lina Wertmüller, who set the film Travolti da un insolito destino nell’azzurro mare di agosto (Swept Away) here. Everyone in the water The seabed at Cala Luna is very shallow for the first few metres, so it is also suitable for children, but then it suddenly deepens, making it ideal for snorkelling or diving. You will be in the company of numerous fish, swimming in schools or alone. There are plenty of octopuses and starfish. In the area, many specialised centres organise guided trips or hire out diving equipment. Getting to Cala Luna on foot is tricky, time-consuming and rather difficult. The best advice is to book a one-day mini-cruise. These usually depart from Cala Gonone. The Grotta del Bue Marino (Sea Ox Cave) was once the home of the monk seal, known as the sea ox because of the characteristic cry it emits; inside, there are freshwater lakes fed by underground rivers. Then there is the Grotta del Miracolo (Cave of the Miracle), which lives up to its name. Stalactites branch out in all directions, creating a spectacular geological cathedral. Then you can admire Cala Mariolu and Cala Biriola. The Venus Pools are accessible only by sea, so don't miss this stop. The beach is made of pebbles and coarse-grained sand; the sea is so perfectly turquoise, thanks to the springs gushing from the cliffs and seabed, that the boats seem suspended in mid-air. Why not dive in and have a swim. Trekking and climbing Experienced climbers scale the sheer cliffs overlooking the emerald sea in scenic climbing sessions. To discover Cala Luna by land, on the other hand, there is a trek, which is at times challenging, along three paths. The best signposted one starts from Cala Fuili, while for the others it is best to rely on expert local guides. Cala Fuili and Cala Luna are about 7 kilometres apart. Some grottos offer shade and rest. It is best to set off early in the morning, not least to appreciate the fascinating colours of the rocks, brightened by the first rays of the sun. Mountain biking Hiring a mountain bike is easy and provides an opportunity to visit inland areas. As you pedal, you will pass by the cuiles, the ancient shepherds' huts, made of limestone. Then, on the plateau at an altitude of 200 metres above sea level, you will come across cabins and Romanesque structures once used as storage buildings, with millstones and fragments of urns. This is a fascinating excursion to alternate with life at sea, taking in the history and culture of the region.
Art and culture
Bronte

Bronte

Colourful houses leaning against each other stand out against the brown colour of the lava rocks, while rows of trees draw meandering lines on the hills that fade into the horizon. This is the scenario that greets us when, coming from Catania, we begin to glimpse the steep slope, overlooking the Simeto river valley, where Bronte rises. Situated between nature reserves and parks such as the Etna Park, the Nebrodi Park and the Serra del Re Reserve, the Bronte area boasts a rich production of citrus fruits, cereals, olives and almonds. Worthy of special mention are the excellent pistachios that, due to the unique characteristics of the area, have earned recognition as DOP (Protected Designation of Origin). The cultivation of this fruit, introduced by the Arabs, is one of the most important activities in the area and gives rise to a famous festival that also attracts tourists from abroad. The Arab origin of the village is evidenced by the structure of the historical centre with its narrow, winding alleys, recurring steep staircases, courtyards and subways. Its name derives from the Greek word for roar and recalls the town's connection with nearby Mount Etna. Around 1520, King Charles V favoured the enlargement of the village by relocating the inhabitants of the neighbouring districts and placing it under the jurisdiction of the Monastery of Maniace. Destroyed several times by volcanic eruptions, it was ceded to General Horatio Nelson in 1799. The Colleggio Capizzi built in the 18th century in Baroque style, the 16th-century Mother Church dedicated to the Trinity, the Renaissance Church of S. Giovanni of 1580 and the Church of the Annunziata, built in 1535, which features a splendid sandstone portal, are all worth a visit.
Villages
Randazzo

Randazzo

On the northern slopes of the volcano, bordering with the Nebrodi mountains, on the final lava escarpment of a prehistoric flow, amidst high terraces of vineyards (up to 1,000 metres in altitude), in Randazzo you have reached the closest inhabited point to Etna's main crater. Byzantine in origin, Swabian and medieval in character, with the remains of walls still visible in the vicinity of Porta Aragonese, it has three important churches that symbolise the three main districts of the town, once inhabited by communities that spoke different dialects: Latins in Santa Maria, Greeks in San Nicola and Lombards in San Martino. The most important church is that of Santa Maria Assunta, built from lava stone in the Norman-Swabian style. A valuable iconographic document preserved here is the Salvation of Randazzo, a 16th-century panel with a view of the city at the time. The church of San Nicola is the largest one in the city, dating from the 14th century but rebuilt at the end of the 16th century and with an 18th-century bell tower. It houses works by the Gaginis, a family of Italian sculptors and architects very prominent in this area of Sicily. The other church is that of San Martino, of Swabian foundation, i.e. from the 13th century, which you cannot fail to notice as you walk through Randazzo thanks to the magnificent bell tower beside it. There is also an archaeological museum, but don't miss the Puppet Opera Museum with its collection of 36 puppets from the Catanian school of the late 19th and early 20th century.
Cultural cities
Agrigento

Agrigento

"There lingers a wind that I recall afire / within the manes of slanted horses / that marks and gnaws the sandstone and the heart / of the gloomy telamons, lying / above the grass". The verses of Salvatore Quasimodo introduce visitors to the awe-inspiring Valley of the Temples, where the effect of the large telamons that supported the Temple of Olympian Zeus is anything but lugubrious. One thing's for certain, the archaeological park of ancient Akagras (the Ancient Greek word for Agrigento) - which the Greek poet Pindaro called “the most beautiful city” -and which is now a UNESCO World Heritage Sitewon't leave you indifferent. The magnificent Doric temples date back to the 5th century BC, when the city was at its peak. Excavations have also brought to light other parts of the ancient city such as public buildings, water systems, necropolises and fortifications, up to the archaeological and monumental ruins dating from the early Christian era. In the park, there are also nature trails through the Mediterranean scrub, amid agaves and prickly pear trees and acres of olive groves, vinyeards and almond trees. Among the many places of worship dedicated to the gods of Olympus, what else but a Greek myth could explain the luxuriant early flowering of the almond trees. Every year, the people of Agrigento celebrate the arrival of spring with the Almond Blossom Festival, remembering the mythical but ill-fated love story between a princess and a warrior. The medieval and modern city developed around the 9th century AD, on the Girgenti hill. Even beyond the archaeological park, Agrigento still retains many traces of its splendid history , such as the medievalcentre with its winding maze of streets typical of Arab cities and the plethora of churches and buildings constructed in different styles through the centuries. Agrigento has been proclaimed the Italian Capital of Culture 2025, together with Lampedusa and the local towns.
Nature
Monte Albo

Monte Albo

Travelling along the streets of the Baronie, it is impossible not to notice it: Monte Albo catches the eye from afar with its grandeur and its white limestone ridge. The long ridge stretches for about 20 kilometres, crossing the territories of Lula, Siniscola, Galtellì, Irgoli, Loculi and Lodè. The massif is affected by extensive surface and underground karst phenomena, which leave their mark among gorges, caves, vertical walls and ravines. The highest peaks are the western ones, Monte Turuddò and Punta Catirina, both of which rise to 1127 metres. A Site of Community Importance of the European Union, the mountain area is characterised by a very rich biodiversity. The Mediterranean scrub and the rare wooded areas are home to a multitude of animals including wild boars, mouflons, martens and wild cats, as well as numerous species of birds. Human traces on the massif date back as far as the Neolithic, and the area is home to several Nuragic sites and "pinnettos", ancient dwellings that shepherds used during transhumance. Thanks to its characteristics, Monte Albo is home to several climbing gyms, as well as numerous hiking trails to be followed on foot or by mountain bike. A privileged way to get to know the mountain up close is the CEAS, the Montalbo di Lodè Centre for Environmental Education and Sustainability. The centre's purpose is precisely to educate and inform about the naturalistic, historical and cultural aspects of Monte Albo and its surroundings. In the CEAS Park House you can find out about the hiking trails and the rules of conduct to be observed within the area, in order to enjoy the beautiful nature in a respectful and conscious manner.
Art and culture
Fava Castle

Fava Castle

From the summit of Posada promontory, Fava Castle proudly dominates this stretch of the Sardinian coast. Historians are still unable to say for sure in which year the castle was built, but it was certainly already standing in the 13th century. Its imposing presence offered protection against the incursions of pirates and invaders that constantly threatened the Sardinian coast, and it's the turbulent medieval history of the Baronie that is the source of the legend from which the castle takes its curious name. The story tells of how a group of Saracen pirates relentlessly assailed Posada, trying to conquer the town by starving its people. The inhabitants who had taken refuge in the fortress devised a cunning plan to free themselves of the invaders. First, they fed a pigeon with a handful of broad beans, the last remnants of their meagre food stores. After wounding the pigeon, they let him fly to the pirate camp, where he fell to the ground, exhausted. The Saracens noticed that the bird's stomach was swollen, and deduced that the besieged town still had plenty of food supplies. The trick worked. The pirates, weary of their long battle, set sail again. But danger wasn't only lurking in the sea. Due to its position, Posada has long been fought over, and since the time of the Judicates, Fava Castle has had many changes of tenant. Despite centuries of battles and conquests, the fortress still has its tower, as well as some underground cisterns and part of the walls, which today welcome tourists eager to delve into the castle's history and admire the picturesque views.
Art and culture
Enna Regional Interdisciplinary Museum

Enna Regional Interdisciplinary Museum

It was previously simply called the Archaeological Museum, with a name that clarified the substance of the exhibits on display. It is located in the same square where one side of the cathedral faces, directly opposite the church, and has occupied a series of spaces in Palazzo Varisano since the 1980s, a building of 18th-century appearance, although of earlier origin, with 16th-century architectural details amidst Baroque elements. After all, the theme of antiquity in the Enna area is also represented by the archaeological museum of Aidone with the famous Venus of Morgantina and above all by the Roman villa of Casale in Piazza Armerina. Here, the collections start from prehistory through artefacts from the area around the Lake Pergusa, to continue with evidence of Greek colonisation during the 6th century BC and even beyond the classical Roman phase to the early Middle Ages. There are grave goods that have come to light in necropolises in the area, and a particularly splendid Attic crater with red figures depicting gymnasium scenes and the departure of a warrior: it has been dated to the fourth century BC. A non-archaeological but Risorgimento curiosity concerns the Palace itself: It seems that here, and not in Marsala, on 13 August 1862 Giuseppe Garibaldi is said to have uttered for the first time in front of his Red Shirts the fateful phrase "O Roma o morte". Back then Enna was still called Castrogiovanni. The city would only return to its current name, of Greek and Roman origin, in 1927.
Lombardy Castle

Lombardy Castle

According to Leonardo Sciascia, the great Sicilian writer, the circumstances had their roots in the Norman domination after the year 1000, which had encouraged immigration to the island from northern Italy. Piazza Armerina, not far from Enna with its famous ancient Roman mosaics, was also included by Sciascia among "the Lombard towns of Sicily". Whatever you call it, the castle of Enna remains one of the largest, most important and best-preserved mediaeval fortresses on the entire island, a decisive contribution to making Enna the "urbs inexpugnabilis" that it has always been. Six of the 20 towers that Emperor Frederick II is said to have had added to the fortress still remain, before Frederick III of Aragon enlarged the building again in the 13th and 14th centuries and decided to come to live there. The plan of the building is somewhat irregular because it follows the morphology of the rocks where it was built, and the internal layout is complex, with a series of courtyards in sequence. One of them has been converted into an open-air summer theatre, while the most inner one shows the remains of the small church of St Martin and the residence of Frederick III. From here you can climb to the top of the Pisan tower, the highest and the one that has remained in the best condition: all around the panorama is uninterrupted and extraordinary over the Madonie and Nèbrodi mountain ranges and the Erei mountains, as well as over the city itself and the distant Catania plain with Etna.
Piazza Vittorio Emanuele

Piazza Vittorio Emanuele

If Enna could be said to have its own main square, this is certainly Piazza Vittorio Emanuele along Via Roma. Wide, landscaped and walkable, although partly used as a car park, it has the Church of San Francesco d'Assisi next to it and municipal offices such as the Sala Cerere, the Galleria Civica with its temporary exhibitions, and the city library, all in the historic Palazzo Chiaramonte. In the adjacent Piazza Francesco Crispi, the belvedere in Enna is more important for tourism, indeed, it is essential, where the view of the town of Calascibetta and the Madonìe mountains is stunning. Returning to the same spot in the evening, to enjoy the lights of the night skyline, is definitely a good idea. If you return from Piazza Vittorio Emanuele to the Duomo and the castle, along Via Roma, you will pass by the buildings of the twenty-year Fascist period, when Enna had become the provincial capital: the town hall had originally been the Casa del Fascio. In the opposite direction, just beyond the abrupt corner of Via Roma in the direction of Piazza Neglia and the tower of Federico II, the Church of San Cataldo is worth two more steps, high on its staircase in Piazza Matteotti. The origins of the building date back to the 14th century, but the current layout is from the mid 18th century. The stuccoes inside date back to that time, while the most important works of art predate it: a marble ancona with the Madonna, Child and Saints attributed to Giandomenico Gagini, a large marble polyptych with Scenes from the Passion, and in the presbytery, a painted cross from the 15th century. Transparent slabs on the floor reveal the archaeological excavations carried out underground.
Piazza Duomo

Piazza Duomo

Named after Our Lady of the Visitation, the city's patron saint, the Cathedral stands on a rocky relief at the top of a spectacular staircase, the imposing façade looking down onto the square below. Built in the early 1300s by an Aragonese queen, after the building was destroyed in a devastating fire, it was reconstructed a century and a half later. Only the apse retains evidence of the original structure, including a beautiful walled Gothic portal: this is the Jubilee Gate requested from the Pope in order to support the reconstruction. The sombre and imposing aspect is mainly due to the portal, also 16th-century. The marble relief with its vibrant decoration of St Martin on horseback and the pauper, with whom the saint shares his mantle, was once housed in the castle chapel. The twin sculpted lions at the base of the portal are from the Aragonese era, but the truly amazing feature of the interior is the 16th-century panelled ceiling above the central nave, divided from the side aisles by a double row of lava stone columns. The elaborately-decorated marble pulpit dates from the 17th century. Among the large paintings on display, the five of the Virgin Mary in the apse particularly stand out: they are the work of an early 17th-century Tuscan painter. The Treasure of the cathedral is open to the public at the Alessi Museum, just a short distance away towards the castle. The largest and most stunning piece is the Baroque-style crown of the patron saint.
Pergusa Lake

Pergusa Lake

The final surprise that Enna has in store is the large valley floor that lies 10 km to the south of the city, surrounded by the Erean mountains and the forests of conifer, eucalyptus and woodland stretching almost to the shoreline. Surprisingly, this is the only natural lake in Sicily - and equally surprisingly, its waters are brackish. The lake is very shallow and has no tributaries leading in or out, but the natural process of evaporation of the groundwater and rainfall preserves the salts which have dissolved into the terrain. This area of geological, natural and cultural interest led thirty years ago to the creation of thePergusa Lake Nature Reserve: the visitor centre is located between the lakeshore closest to Enna and the main road SS 561, which leads out of the city along the extension of Via Pergusa. The geology tells us of tectonic plates, while the biology and geopgraphy reveal that this location is an important crossroads on migratory routes and is also home to downy oaks, holm oaks and aquatic vegetation such as reeds and bulrushes. The cultural interest comes from the classical myth of Persephone, daughter of the goddess Ceres (Demeter), who gave the fortress of Enna its name. Pergusa may have been the scene of the dramatic abduction of Persephone by the god of the Underworld, even though thanks to the intervention of her mother Ceres, the girl was released from the bowels of the earth each year, to give the world its summer. More clearly in evidence, all around the valley floor, is the Pergusa Autodrome, the asphalted circuit of 5 km complete with grandstands and pit lane, which in the 1960s was also the venue for the Formula 1 Mediterranean Grand Prix. Today, the circuit also hosts a number of vintage motor racing events.
Nature
Vendicari Wildlife Oasis Controlled Nature Reserve

Vendicari Wildlife Oasis Controlled Nature Reserve

The Vendicari wetland is a protected area along the Ionian coast between Noto and Portopalo di Capo Passero, where ponds, marshes, beaches and old salt flats attract wildlife. It could be a destination for a mountain-bike excursion on dirt and asphalt roads from Noto station along the Syracuse-Ragusa line. Once you reach the access road to the reserve, you can make use of the nature trails. One of the most picturesque leads to the 18th-century tuna fishery and the Swabian Tower. A second path passes by the wildlife observatories in the Roveto Swamp and leads to the Maccari citadel, where the remains of a Byzantine-era settlement can be seen. A third arrives at the secluded beach of Calamosche, between low cliffs. The presence of animals pervades everything, especially that of migratory birds in transit to and from Africa. The naturalist destination merely hints at the site ofHolorus, a city of Syracuse at the end of the eighth century BC, of which the theatre, a temple and parts of the walls remain. If you then return to Noto by a partially different route, reaching and crossing the provincial road toPachino and continuing along the road that leads to the district of San Paolo, you can leave the asphalt after a mile and bear right along a country road flanked by dry stone walls. At the end, you come to the Roman villa of Tellaro, a complex of spaces around a peristyle where rich floor mosaics have been found. One of them with hunting scenes, from the fourth century, is similar to the more famous ones in Piazza Armerina.
Art and culture
Pepoli Regional Museum

Pepoli Regional Museum

The Museum is named after its founder, Count Agostino Pepoli, who founded it between 1906 and 1908. Located in the former convent of the Carmelite fathers, next to the sanctuary of the Annunziata, hidden in a beautiful cloister, which was also built in the 14th century and renovated in later centuries. It contains coral, gold, silver and majolica artefacts from the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as some pieces of rare interest. On the ground floor, you can view Sicilian religious marble sculptures (not to be missed is Antonello Gagini's San Giacomo Maggiore, a masterpiece of classical-Renaissance taste), an old guillotine from the Bourbon period, the large "Lombardo" flag, one of the two steam ships that carried Garibaldi's Thousand from Quarto to Marsala. An imposing staircase, with polychrome marble, leads to the first floor, which houses the Art Gallery. Here, it is essential to linger in front of the magnificent 15th century polyptych depicting the Madonna enthroned with the Child crowning St. Catherine. Of note is the decorative arts section with the splendid collection of coral pieces, locally manufactured products, including the golden copper hanging lamp by Fra Matteo Bavera, coral and enamels dated 1633, the Crucifix carved from a single piece of coral, and the collection of nativity figurines made of terracotta, ivory, alabaster and coral.There is also the archaeological section that brings together objects from prehistoric to Roman times.
Plain of the Albanians

Plain of the Albanians

Piana degli Albanesi stands in a beautiful landscape, in the mountains west of Palermo, and is known as the nerve centre of Sicilian arbëreshe culture: it was in fact founded in the fifteenth century by Albanian refugees fleeing from the Ottoman advance. The community of Piana degli Albanesi has kept its cultural identity alive over the centuries, as witnessed by the use of their language in daily life. Another distinctive element is the practice of the Byzantine rite, which is reflected in the architecture and sacred art of its churches, including the church of S. Demetrio (Chiesa Madre), of Greek rite and of late sixteenth-century origin and the church of S. Giorgio Megalomartire, the oldest in the town. Piana degli Albanesi celebrates its roots with numerous cultural and religious events, including the most famous is the Easter festival, which attracts visitors from all over Sicily and beyond. During Holy Week there are heartfelt celebrations of the Byzantine rite, in which the inhabitants participate wearing traditional Albanian costumes. In addition to its cultural and religious importance, Piana degli Albanesi is known for the production of excellent agricultural products, in particular olive oil, cheese and ricotta. Thelatter is also used to fill the famous cannoli, which are considered among the best in the region. Finally, with its artificial lake, which offers a picturesque backdrop to the town, the city is a popular destination for trekking enthusiasts.
Art and culture
Chiesa Madre

Chiesa Madre

The church of Santa Maria Maddalena or chiesa madre is the main church in Ciminna. Mainly Baroque in taste, it contains valuable works of local art. The church was used as a location to shoot part of the film The Leopard by Luchino Visconti. The church existed as early as 1230, built when the historic nucleus of Ciminna was born: according to tradition, it was annexed to the castle. It is conceivable that it was destroyed during an Angevin raid that, on 26 June 1326, devastated the countryside and the town. Matteo Sclafani, Lord of Ciminna, rebuilt a tower-palace nearby and, in 1333, ordered the construction of a new church, dedicated to San Giovanni Battista. Archival sources state that it was founded in 1350, specifying that it had the main altar towards the north and was dedicated to St Mary Magdalene. Remains of the crypt and the apsidal area have been received from this fourteenth-century church. Rebuilt after elevation to a parish on the area of the previous one, the apse faces east. The oldest of the structures is the bell tower of 1519: an epigraph fixed its completion in 1550, the year in which the main bell was cast. Inspired by Norman buildings, it preserves the iconographic scheme of the church of Santo Spirito in Palermo. The solidity of those buildings is recalled in the apsidal area with its characteristic asymmetries, while the hall, covered by a flat ceiling (destroyed in 1970) and the façade, had Gothic elements derived from 15th-century Palermo. The 1693 earthquake damaged the facade, remodeled with inserts that recall the architectural lexicon of Paolo Amato. The interior, covered by decorative stuccoes in the 18th century, took on a Baroque appearance. The red tone of the façade plaster, originally white, dates back to the same period.
Cultural cities
Trapani

Trapani

The origin of the name is 'Drepanon', sickle, not so much because of the shape of the promontory on which it is built, but rather because of the curved profile of the city: an expanse of houses radiating out over the plain at the foot of Mount San Giuliano and thinning out on a tongue of land surrounded by the sea, the Trapani peninsula. The border town atmosphere is best perceived by walking along the Tramontana Walls, with their curved sickle profile, and then strolling through the old town, whose life during the day is almost exclusively concentrated along the quays, as far as the Ligny Tower. It is perhaps the most Spanish-speaking city in Sicily, lying in the bay where Peter of Aragon landed in 1282 to begin the Spanish occupation of the island, and it was an important crossroads of maritime trade between Carthage and Venice. Over the centuries, the activities that made it flourish were coral and tuna fishing, as well as salt and wine production. In the 16th century, Trapani's jewellers, artisans and master coral craftsmen were famous throughout Europe. The tiny network of streets in the old town centre still has a Moorish appearance, but the city owes its present-day appearance to the influence of Spanish Baroque, of which there are numerous examples, including the Cathedral of San Lorenzo, the church of the Jesuit College or the magnificent Palazzo Senatorio at the end of Corso Vittorio Emanuele, the pedestrian area around which the old town centre develops, which in the late afternoon is swarming with strollers, whom you cannot but join. Not far from here is also the Purgatorio Church, the starting and finishing point of the Good Friday procession; moving towards the more modern part, nearer the outskirts, you come across two of the city's main jewels and a joy for art lovers: the Pepoli Museum and the Shrine of the Annunziata. Finally, a visit to Trapani must include an excursion to the surrounding area to discover the lagoon landscapes of the salt pans or Erice, exceptional in every way, starting from its incomparable panorama over the Trapani plain and beyond, as far as Mount Etna on clear days.
Cultural cities
Syracuse

Syracuse

The city of Syracuse is located in one of the most beautiful inlets on the Mediterranean. It is a vital and dynamic city, worthy of its great past, and in 2005 was duly recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A visit to Syracuse is a journey back in time and to discover the wonderful beauty of the natural environment in which the city is immersed. Syracuse has given rise to great figures of the cultural and artistic history of the Mediterranean and still has a very lively intellectual life. Archaeological evidence confirms human presence on the island of Ortigia as early as the 14th century BC, although urban construction dates back to the 8th century BC, with the foundation of the Greek colony of Syracuse. The political and economic growth of the city between the 6th and 4th centuries BC led to an increase in the number of inhabitants and the expansion of the city beyond the primitive walls. Having grown too large to be properly defended, Syracuse suffered enemy incursions from the hinterland and was besieged by the Athenians (416-13 BC). The war against Carthage in 405 BC placed the city in the hands of Dionysius I, who was forced to carry out major fortification works, remove the population from Ortigia and turn the island into a fortress for military purposes. The death of Dionysius around the middle of the 4th century started a long period of transition, which led to the defeat and sacking of the city by the Romans in 212 BC. Christianity had been spreading since the first centuries of the empire and the first buildings of early Christian worship began to appear in the third century. After a long siege, in 878 the city was taken and devastated by the Arabs, who, nevertheless, left a strong mark of their presence on its layout. Having finally the Arabs from the island, the Normans completed the work begun by the Byzantines, with their renovation of the ancient fortifications. The Aragonese government brought Syracuse considerable economic advantages, which left their mark in the construction of the ramparts that surround the island and of many buildings. The dramatic earthquake that struck in 1693 was a decisive event in the city's history, not because it caused irreparable damage but as the impetus for a Baroque-style restructuring, which gave the city an 18th-century appearance in place of its ancient identity. The city layout was then significantly altered by gutting operations during the fascist era, particularly the construction of Via del Littorio, the present-day Corso Matteotti. The economic expansion of the 1950s and ’60s heralded a period of coexistence with large industrial complexes, which was not always easy or lucrative. This sequence of often traumatic events has had a fascinating overlapping effect, in the form of a harmonious integration.
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