The Catacombs of Rome
04 August 2022
2 minutes
History
Roman law prohibited burying of the dead inside the old city walls, for sanitary reasons. The ancient Roman ways were lined with elaborate gravesites of society patricians they were often cremated and their ashes were preserved in urns. The first Christians, rather, maintaining that they should be ready for the Resurrection, were not cremated but buried in the underground caves, dug in tufo or lava stone. Once their bodies were wrapped in two layers of cloth soaked with lye (to stave off risk of contamination), they were then deposited in niches inside the cave walls.
Studies
Scholarly opinion varies in regards to the catacombs. While some hold that the first Christians used the catacombs as places of refuge from persecution, others believe that they were meeting-points for honoring the deceased – particularly martyrs and Popes – usually with a banquet or feast. Today the tutelage of the Christian catacombs is entrusted to the Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra (The Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology), which manages excavations and restorations.
Etymology
The word “catacomb” is by now used to define just about any underground necropolis. However, the ancient term was “coemeterium” deriving from the Greek for "dormitorium," which emphasized the fact that Christians viewed burial as a passing moment before the Resurrection. Moreover, according to some scholars, the term catacomb can be extended to all the Christian cemeteries, yet in antiquity it actually defined the S. Sebastiano complex on the Via Appia. It was also the reference for the stone quarries surrounding the S. Sebastiano catacomb.
