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If you have a health insurance card or the provisional replacement certificate, you can go to the doctor's covered by the insurance of the national health service.
You can get the list of doctors covered by the insurance going to the local health service of the city you are spending your holiday in. During the summer months a particular service is set up in tourist areas. It is called doctor on Duty Ambulance service for tourist.
To access health care services you need the European Health Insurance Card (TEAM ), in use in place of the old E-110, E-111, E-119 and E-128 paper form in EU countries which allows tourists to receive medical services. In order to get the card you must go to your local health authority which will provide you with the card as established by the law.
European Commission:
The European citizens are entitled to receive treatment at the same conditions as the people residing in the country visited as long as they have the European Health Insurance Card or provisional replacement certificate.
The card allows tourists to receive the necessary medical care (and not only urgent care). In order to receive medical services citizens can go to a doctor, a public health centre or one operating within the national health service. Citizens are also entitled to specialist visits and diagnostic.
European Commission:
The doctor on duty ambulance service is a service of healthcare given to non-residents organized by local health authority. In order to get information about the service, you have to call the office for relations with the public of the local health service of the city you are spending your holiday in. As an alternative you can go to a chemist's or you can call the national health emergency number 118 (only in case of extreme necessity).
Yes, the service is generally free of charge in Italy. You may have to pay only the prescription charge. If you have the European Health Insurance Card or the provisional replacement certificate but you cannot make use of it, you are entitled to apply for the reimbursement once you are back to your country.