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Matera
Matera is one of the two provinces of Basilicata. Overlooking the Ionian sea to the East, it borders with the Apulia region to the North (provinces of Bari and Taranto), with the province of Potenza to the west and with Calabria (province of Cosenza) to the south.
It is divided geographically in two parts: a plain area (Metapontino) and a hilly area (Matera) where the climate is colder than in the plain and it often snows during the winter.
The province includes two wildlife national parks: the San Giuliano National Park, including the artificial lake bearing the same name, a very important humid area for birds nidification and the Pantano of Policoro woods, a WWF oasis, the remains of the wide high trees forest covering the whole marshy coast before the land reclamation.
In this territory there is also the environmental-monumental zone of Calanchi (clay formation deeply eroded by the water creating furrows, crevices, pointed crests and small valleys), the Natural Park of Gallipoli Cognato – Small Dolomiti of Lucane and a small area of the National Park of Pollino.
Matera has gained international fame for its ancient town, the "Sassi di Matera" (meaning "stones of Matera"), which are reason enough for a visit in Basilicata.
Listed among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1993, the Sassi are houses overlapping one above another and linked by little and narrow streets and wide stairs. Inhabited since the past until last century, they have brickwork facades but the inside is completely dug into the rocks. The word Sassi means, in this case, “inhabited rock districts” and it's a word used since the Middle Ages to indicate the two districts born around the first centre of the ancient city, the Civita, occupying the two karstic basins overlooking the precipices of the Gravina river: the Sasso Barisano and the Sasso Caveoso.
Apart from the houses, the architectural landscape has many churches, dug into the rocks, too. The little rupestrian Church Santa Lucia of the Malve, founded by a Benedictine community around the 8th century, is worth a visit, as well as the Church of the Madonna of Idris, leading to the crypt of San Giovanni in Monterrone, or the four rupestrian churches of the Convicinio of Sant'Antonio.
The Sasso Barisano shows the Church of San Pietro Barisano, one of the main churches of Matera dug into the rock, the Church of Madonna delle Virtù, included in a very ancient monastery, and the Church of S. Agostino, built in 1591 in baroque style. The city also has a Cathedral, built in 1268-70 in Romanic style, Palazzo Lanfranchi, symbol of the 17th century architecture in the city, and various museums as the National Archaeological Museum “Domenico Ridola”, the National Museum of Medieval and Modern Art and the MUSMA, Museum of Contemporary Sculpture of Matera.
In the neighbourhood of Matera the Archaeological Historical and Natural Park of the Rupestrian Churches of the Materano shows an important historical and archaeological heritage: more than 160 rocky churches, three neolithic villages (Serra d'Alto, Timmari and Murgia Timone), and many prehistoric tombs.
In the south-eastern area of Matera there are many beautiful towns like Montescaglioso, with its wonderful Abbazia of San Michele Arcangelo, Miglionico with its great Castle of Malconsiglio, Bernalda with its 15th century castle and Tricarico, Grassano, Irsina and Ferrandina, all full of monuments to see. Going on to the south, we reach the suggestive Calanchi area, with white clay hills, pinnacles, cones and small canyons dug by sun and rain. In this area the uninhabited village of Craco is very nice, with a lot of historical places, the castle and a group of houses on the rocks surrounded by little streets, stairs and small squares.
Moving on we find the village of Tursi, with its Rabatana district, the ruins of the Castle and the church of S. Maria Maggiore of Rabatana, and the church of S. Maria d'Anglona nearby. The coast on the Ionic sea, the only plain area of the province, is rich in archaeological ruins, because in the past it was one of the main centres of the Magna Graecia. In particular, the archaeological area of Metaponto deserves a visit, with ruins such as the temple in Doric-archaic style dedicated to the goddess Hera, called Tavole Palatine, and the Temple of Apollo in Doric style or the ionic temple dedicated to Aphrodite, built around 470 BC. Furthermore, the ancient agora with the theatre, and the National Archaeological Museum of Metaponto, with many archaeological finds. Lastly, Policoro, with its Castle, the archaeological Park with the Greek ruins and the National Museum of Siritide.
Matera has many wildlife reserves, ideal places to go on an excursion and discover the lush vegetation and the rich local fauna: in all the reserves it's possible to organize trekking trips, cycle trips or horse rides, just to enjoy these special places.
The wildlife reserves of Bosco Pantano and Policoro, for example, are real paradises for bird-watching and photography lovers. There are many kinds of birds as the western marsh-harrier, the cormorant, the waterhen, the white heron, the grey heron and the coleopteran. The Natural Park of Gallipoli - Small Dolomiti of Lucania - is reported on the best bird-watching reviews and here it is very easy to see wonderful kites, buzzards, kestrels, peregrine falcons, barn owls, owls and hoot owls, as well as mammals like wild pigs, wolves, foxes, badgers, porcupines, wildcats, hares, hedgehogs, dormouses, squirrels, weasels, stone martens and, in river flows, otters.
The tortoise of Herman is very rare; it's a little turtle with a yellow spotted shell that lives very close to the clearing and to the maquis. Matera is the right place for sea holiday lovers; it has 30 km of coast on the Ionian sea, not much cement, wide fields and the maquis is close to the great stretches of sand. Policoro, Metaponto and Pisticci are three of the main seaside resorts.
The cuisine of Matera has much in common with the near region of Apulia: orecchiette (ear-shaped handmade pasta) prepared with fresh tomato or with turnip tops, broccolis, cauliflower or with breadcrumb and sultanas. In this province hot pepper is widely used and is called in three different ways: diavulicchiu, frangisello, cerasella.
Another typical dish is the cotto di fichi (cooked figs), a kind of cream made using boiled and dried figs. The dish changes a bit with prickly pears instead of figs. The local Cardoncello mushroom, cooked in different ways or eaten raw with ricotta cheese, lemons and olive oil from Murge of Matera. And then the wheat and chick-peas soup; the cialled, a kind of soup with stale bread, eggs, olives, tomatoes and other vegetables; and also some traditional dishes linked to the religious events.
A typical Easter dish of Matera is the cardi with cacio and eggs and the pirc'dduzz (pasta with a mulled wine dressing) and a typical Easter dish in Irsina is “fusilli” with fried breadcrumbs and cooked figs.
In the Metaponto area fish dishes are very common as “scapece” (fried anchovies marinated with vinegar) and the dried salted cod prepared with peppers.
Lamb and sheep are also very common in this province. Another typical dish is the gnummaridd, special rolls filled with sheep and kids giblets. Eels ought to be tried, too, with hot peppers, tomatoes, mint and laurel. Typical cheeses are: ricotta cheese, sheep milk cheese and burrata (fresh mozzarella and cream cheese).
Typical desserts are: figs with honey, pasch'nisch, a September dessert prepared with semolina and mulled must; the cuccìa, as for the province of Potenza, a boiled wheat dessert mixed with chocolate, pomegranate, walnuts and mulled wine.
Typical wines are: Val Bradano, Sangiovese, Moscato, Malvasia, Elixir of walnuts.
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From the streets of Matera we can admire the profound ravine with its semi-desert appearance, dug into the limestone rock and known as the gravina. This singular landscape was chosen by Mel Gibson as the location for his film 'The Passion of the Christ'.
Various historical buildings of L'Aquila face onto the picturesque Via Sassa. The medieval church of San Pietro di Sassa, dating from the thirteenth century, stands in front of San Domenico. Further on is the small Tempio della Beata Antonia, which looks onto the street near Palazzo Fiore, known ...
The elegant profile of the Duomo of Matera dominates the Sasso Barisano. The church was built between 1268 and 1270 in the Romanesque-Pugliese style. The facade has a fine rose window supported by three angels and surmounted by the archangel Michael and the bell tower has double lancet windows.
We are entering the natural scenario of the Costa Paradiso, a true open-air museum of natural history. Along the paths dug into the rock we are struck by the works created by the wind that recall other famous natural Sardinian sculptures, such as the Roccia dell'Elefante or elephant rock and the ...
